positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. [GOC:hjd, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:15572351]

Positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation is a crucial step in programmed cell death, ensuring the controlled dismantling of the cell to prevent harmful inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. It involves a series of precisely regulated events that lead to the fragmentation of the cell's DNA into specific, ladder-like fragments, a hallmark of apoptosis.

This process is initiated by various signals, including death receptor activation, mitochondrial stress, and DNA damage. These signals trigger the activation of caspases, a family of proteases that play a central role in apoptotic execution.

One critical caspase, caspase-3, acts as a central executioner, directly cleaving and activating downstream targets, including DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40, also known as caspase-activated DNase or CAD).

DFF40 exists in an inactive complex with DFF45. Upon activation, caspase-3 cleaves DFF45, releasing DFF40, which then translocates to the nucleus and initiates DNA fragmentation.

DFF40 is a nuclease, an enzyme that specifically cleaves DNA at internucleosomal linker regions, resulting in the characteristic ladder-like pattern of DNA fragmentation observed during apoptosis. This fragmentation ensures that DNA is broken down into smaller fragments, which can then be easily degraded and recycled by the cell.

In addition to DFF40, other nucleases and endonucleases can also contribute to DNA fragmentation.

Positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation ensures the orderly and efficient breakdown of the cell's genetic material, preventing uncontrolled release and potential damage to surrounding cells. This process is essential for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing disease development.'
"

Proteins (3)

Compounds (15)