anterograde axonal protein transport
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. [GOC:dos]
Anterograde axonal protein transport is the movement of proteins, organelles, and other materials from the cell body of a neuron down the axon to the synapse. This process is essential for the function of neurons, as it allows them to deliver the materials necessary for communication with other cells.
The process begins in the cell body, where proteins are synthesized and packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are then transported along microtubules, which are long, cylindrical protein polymers that run the length of the axon. The transport of these vesicles is driven by motor proteins, such as kinesin, which use ATP as an energy source to move along the microtubules.
As the vesicles move down the axon, they can be sorted and delivered to different destinations. Some vesicles are destined for the synapse, where they release neurotransmitters. Others are destined for the axon terminal, where they can contribute to the growth and maintenance of the axon.
There are several different types of anterograde axonal transport, each with its own speed and mechanism. Fast axonal transport is responsible for the movement of most proteins and organelles, and it can move at speeds up to 400 mm per day. Slow axonal transport is responsible for the movement of structural proteins and other components, and it can move at speeds as slow as 1 mm per day.
Anterograde axonal transport is a complex and highly regulated process. It is essential for the function of neurons, and defects in this process can lead to a variety of neurological disorders. For example, defects in the transport of proteins that are required for the formation of synapses can lead to mental retardation, while defects in the transport of proteins that are required for the maintenance of the axon can lead to neurodegenerative diseases.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Kinesin-1 heavy chain | A kinesin-1 heavy chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P33176] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Heat shock protein beta-1 | A heat shock protein beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P04792] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (10)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| whi p180 | |||
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| birb 796 | aromatic ether; morpholines; naphthalenes; pyrazoles; ureas | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator | |
| zd 6474 | CH 331: structure in first source | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| lenvatinib | lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. | aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| sb 242235 | SB 242235: p38 MAP kinase antagonist | ||
| N-cyclopropyl-3-{4-[(cyclopropylmethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-4-methylbenzamide | N-cyclopropyl-3-{4-[(cyclopropylmethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-4-methylbenzamide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide obtained by condensation of the 3- and 4'-carboxy groups of 6-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4'-dicarboxylic acid with cyclpropylamine and cyclpropylmethylamine respectively. | benzamides; biphenyls; cyclopropanes; dicarboxylic acid diamide | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
| cabozantinib | cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer. cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor | aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| skepinone-l | skepinone-L: a dibenzosuberone-type p38 MAPK inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| nsc751382 |