Page last updated: 2024-10-24

Golgi ribbon formation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

The formation of Golgi ribbons, which are interconnected stacks of Golgi apparatus, is a complex process that involves multiple steps and factors. It is essential for efficient protein sorting and modification within eukaryotic cells.

**1. Initial Clustering and Tethering:**
- The Golgi apparatus exists as individual stacks called cisternae.
- These cisternae initially cluster together through a process called "clustering."
- This clustering is mediated by tethering proteins, such as GRASP55 and GRASP65.
- Tethering proteins act as bridges between Golgi cisternae, bringing them closer together.

**2. Microtubule-Mediated Transport:**
- Microtubules play a crucial role in Golgi ribbon formation by transporting Golgi stacks.
- Microtubule motor proteins, such as dynein and kinesin, attach to Golgi cisternae and move them along microtubule tracks.
- This transport helps bring the Golgi stacks closer to each other.

**3. Fusion and Interconnection:**
- Once the Golgi stacks are sufficiently close, they begin to fuse with each other.
- Fusion is facilitated by specific fusion proteins, such as SNARE proteins.
- The fusion process creates connections between the Golgi stacks, forming a continuous ribbon.

**4. Structural Organization:**
- Once a ribbon is formed, the Golgi cisternae remain connected through a network of protein bridges and tethers.
- This network provides structural support and ensures the proper organization of the Golgi ribbon.

**5. Regulation:**
- Golgi ribbon formation is regulated by various factors, including cell type, cell cycle stage, and external signals.
- For example, the activation of specific signaling pathways can trigger changes in Golgi ribbon morphology.

**6. Function:**
- The Golgi ribbon provides an efficient platform for protein processing and sorting.
- The interconnected network of cisternae allows for sequential modifications and transport of proteins through the Golgi apparatus.
- This structure also facilitates the movement of vesicles carrying processed proteins to other cellular compartments.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5A protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14744]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (12)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
pentamidinepentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.

Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.
aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
s-adenosylmethionineacylcarnitine: structure in first source

S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.
sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
hexamidinehexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol.aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether
antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
sinefunginadenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
furamidinefuramidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; WR 199385 refers to di-HCl; pafuramidine is a prodrug of this
s-adenosylhomocysteineS-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.

S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.
adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide
cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine5'-methylthioadenosine: structure

5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.
thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbamidinestilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd
epz004777N-glycosyl compound
gsk343GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).

GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor
aminopyridine;
indazoles;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridone;
secondary carboxamide
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor
6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-n-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine: a SETD8 inhibitor; structure in first source
gsk3235025GSK3235025: an inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5); structure in first source