Golgi ribbon formation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
The formation of Golgi ribbons, which are interconnected stacks of Golgi apparatus, is a complex process that involves multiple steps and factors. It is essential for efficient protein sorting and modification within eukaryotic cells.
**1. Initial Clustering and Tethering:**
- The Golgi apparatus exists as individual stacks called cisternae.
- These cisternae initially cluster together through a process called "clustering."
- This clustering is mediated by tethering proteins, such as GRASP55 and GRASP65.
- Tethering proteins act as bridges between Golgi cisternae, bringing them closer together.
**2. Microtubule-Mediated Transport:**
- Microtubules play a crucial role in Golgi ribbon formation by transporting Golgi stacks.
- Microtubule motor proteins, such as dynein and kinesin, attach to Golgi cisternae and move them along microtubule tracks.
- This transport helps bring the Golgi stacks closer to each other.
**3. Fusion and Interconnection:**
- Once the Golgi stacks are sufficiently close, they begin to fuse with each other.
- Fusion is facilitated by specific fusion proteins, such as SNARE proteins.
- The fusion process creates connections between the Golgi stacks, forming a continuous ribbon.
**4. Structural Organization:**
- Once a ribbon is formed, the Golgi cisternae remain connected through a network of protein bridges and tethers.
- This network provides structural support and ensures the proper organization of the Golgi ribbon.
**5. Regulation:**
- Golgi ribbon formation is regulated by various factors, including cell type, cell cycle stage, and external signals.
- For example, the activation of specific signaling pathways can trigger changes in Golgi ribbon morphology.
**6. Function:**
- The Golgi ribbon provides an efficient platform for protein processing and sorting.
- The interconnected network of cisternae allows for sequential modifications and transport of proteins through the Golgi apparatus.
- This structure also facilitates the movement of vesicles carrying processed proteins to other cellular compartments.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 | A protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14744] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (12)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| pentamidine | pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| s-adenosylmethionine | acylcarnitine: structure in first source S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | sulfonium betaine | human metabolite |
| hexamidine | hexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol. | aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether | antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug |
| sinefungin | adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent | |
| furamidine | furamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; WR 199385 refers to di-HCl; pafuramidine is a prodrug of this | ||
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| 5'-methylthioadenosine | 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group. | thioadenosine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| stilbamidine | stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| epz004777 | N-glycosyl compound | ||
| gsk343 | GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM). GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor | aminopyridine; indazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridone; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor |
| 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-n-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine | 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine: a SETD8 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| gsk3235025 | GSK3235025: an inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5); structure in first source |