epithelial cell-cell adhesion

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

Epithelial cell-cell adhesion is a fundamental biological process that underpins the formation and integrity of epithelial tissues. These tissues line the surfaces of organs and cavities within the body, forming a protective barrier against the external environment. Epithelial cell-cell adhesion is achieved through specialized cell junctions, which are multi-protein complexes that mediate interactions between adjacent cells.

One of the most prominent types of cell junctions involved in epithelial cell-cell adhesion is the adherens junction (AJ). AJs are characterized by the presence of cadherin proteins, which are transmembrane proteins that bind to cadherins on neighboring cells. The cytoplasmic domains of cadherins interact with intracellular proteins, such as catenins, which link AJs to the actin cytoskeleton. This connection provides structural support and helps maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier.

Another crucial type of cell junction is the tight junction (TJ). TJs are located apical to AJs and form a seal between adjacent cells, restricting the passage of molecules and fluids between the cells. TJs are composed of transmembrane proteins, such as claudins and occludins, which interact with each other and with intracellular scaffolding proteins. The formation of tight junctions is critical for maintaining the barrier function of epithelial tissues and preventing leakage.

In addition to AJs and TJs, epithelial cells can also form other types of cell junctions, such as desmosomes and gap junctions. Desmosomes provide strong mechanical adhesion between cells, while gap junctions allow for the exchange of small molecules between adjacent cells.

The formation and maintenance of epithelial cell-cell adhesion is a dynamic process that is regulated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and cellular events. For example, the expression and activity of cadherins and other junctional proteins can be influenced by growth factors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules. Changes in cell adhesion can also be triggered by mechanical stress, cell differentiation, and other physiological stimuli.

Epithelial cell-cell adhesion is essential for a wide range of biological processes, including tissue development, wound healing, and immune response. Disruptions in cell-cell adhesion can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and skin disorders. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial cell-cell adhesion is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for these diseases.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (4)