connective tissue development
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:BHF]
Connective tissue development is a complex and intricate process that involves the coordinated interplay of various cell types, signaling pathways, and extracellular matrix components. It begins with the formation of mesenchyme, a loose, undifferentiated tissue derived from the mesoderm. Mesenchymal cells have the potential to differentiate into various connective tissue cell types, including fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes.
The development of specific connective tissue types is regulated by a variety of factors, including genetic programs, signaling molecules, and mechanical forces. For example, the formation of cartilage is initiated by the expression of specific transcription factors and the synthesis of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix components.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in connective tissue development. It provides structural support, regulates cell adhesion and migration, and influences cell differentiation and function. The major components of the ECM include collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.
**Fibroblasts** are the primary cell type responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of the ECM. They produce collagen, elastin, and other ECM components, which are then assembled into a complex network that provides strength, flexibility, and resilience to connective tissues.
**Chondrocytes**, the cells that reside in cartilage, produce a specialized ECM that is rich in collagen type II and proteoglycans. This unique matrix provides the cartilage with its characteristic properties of resilience and shock absorption.
**Osteoblasts**, the cells that form bone, synthesize and secrete a mineralized ECM that is composed primarily of collagen type I and calcium hydroxyapatite. This mineralized matrix provides the bone with its strength and rigidity.
**Adipocytes**, the cells that store fat, are responsible for the production of adipose tissue, which plays a vital role in energy storage, insulation, and cushioning.
Connective tissue development is a dynamic process that continues throughout life. The ECM is constantly being remodeled in response to changes in mechanical forces, growth factors, and other signals. This remodeling allows connective tissues to adapt to changing needs and maintain their integrity.
In addition to the major cell types described above, other cells, such as macrophages and mast cells, also play important roles in connective tissue development and homeostasis. These cells contribute to tissue repair, immune defense, and the regulation of ECM remodeling.
The intricate interplay of cells, signaling pathways, and ECM components ensures the proper development and function of connective tissues, which are essential for the structural integrity and overall health of the body.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein-lysine 6-oxidase | A protein-lysine 6-oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P28300] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (10)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| pyrithione | pyrithione : A pyridinethione that is pyridine-2(1H)-thione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a Zn(2+) ionophore; the zinc salt is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. pyrithione: split from cephalosporin molecule; some metal complexes of this have fumarate reductase inhibitory activity and may be useful against trypanosomes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | monohydroxypyridine; pyridinethione | ionophore |
| aminopropionitrile | Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. | aminopropionitrile | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| thiram | thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| 1-deoxynojirimycin | 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. | 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| miglustat | miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| mor-14 | N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor | hydroxypiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| homonojirimycin | homonojirimycin: inhibits alpha-glucosidase; RN given for (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,4beta,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure in first source | ||
| n-nonyl-1-deoxynojirimycin | N-nonyldeoxynojirimycin : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin (duvoglustat) in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a nonyl group. | hydroxypiperidine; tertiary amino compound | antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.45 (glucosylceramidase) inhibitor |
| somatostatin | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone |