cell adhesion molecule production

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]

Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) production is a complex biological process that involves multiple steps, starting with the transcription of genes encoding CAMs and culminating in the expression of functional proteins on the cell surface.

1. **Gene Transcription:** The process begins with the transcription of genes encoding CAMs. These genes contain the genetic blueprint for the synthesis of specific CAM proteins. Transcription factors bind to regulatory elements in the promoter region of the gene, initiating the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from the DNA template.

2. **mRNA Processing:** The newly transcribed mRNA undergoes several modifications, including capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. These modifications ensure the stability and efficient translation of the mRNA molecule.

3. **Translation:** The processed mRNA is transported to ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. Ribosomes read the mRNA codons and recruit corresponding amino acids, linking them together to form a polypeptide chain.

4. **Protein Folding and Modification:** The newly synthesized polypeptide chain undergoes folding and modification to attain its functional conformation. This process often involves the addition of sugars (glycosylation) and other modifications, which can influence the protein's stability, activity, and interaction with other molecules.

5. **Transport and Trafficking:** After folding and modification, CAM proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed and sorted. They are then packaged into vesicles and transported to the cell surface.

6. **Cell Surface Expression:** Once at the cell surface, CAMs interact with their ligands on neighboring cells or the extracellular matrix. These interactions contribute to cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, and signaling pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and migration.

7. **Regulation:** CAM production is tightly regulated, ensuring appropriate levels of expression and function in different cell types and developmental stages. Regulation can occur at multiple levels, including gene transcription, mRNA stability, protein synthesis, and trafficking.

The production of CAMs is a dynamic process that plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity, cell communication, and development. Dysregulation of CAM production is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (10)