regulation of fibroblast proliferation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. [GOC:jid]
Fibroblast proliferation, a fundamental process in tissue repair and wound healing, is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and growth factors. The regulation can be broadly categorized into two main phases: stimulation and inhibition.
**Stimulation:**
* **Growth factors:** Fibroblasts are responsive to a variety of growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). These factors bind to specific receptors on the fibroblast surface, triggering intracellular signaling cascades that activate transcription factors like AP-1 and NF-κB, leading to gene expression involved in cell cycle progression and proliferation.
* **Extracellular matrix (ECM) components:** The composition and organization of the ECM provide critical cues for fibroblast behavior. Integrins, transmembrane receptors that connect the ECM to the cytoskeleton, play a key role in sensing ECM cues. Binding to ECM components like fibronectin, collagen, and laminin activates signaling pathways that promote fibroblast survival, migration, and proliferation.
* **Mechanical stress:** Mechanical forces, like stretching or compression, can also stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This is mediated by integrin signaling and activation of mechanotransduction pathways, ultimately affecting gene expression involved in cell growth.
**Inhibition:**
* **Anti-proliferative factors:** Several factors act as brakes on fibroblast proliferation. These include transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). They induce expression of cell cycle inhibitors like p21 and p27, leading to cell cycle arrest and reduced proliferation.
* **ECM stiffness:** While appropriate ECM stiffness promotes fibroblast proliferation, excessive stiffness can have the opposite effect. This is related to the activation of mechanotransduction pathways that trigger cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
* **Contact inhibition:** In normal conditions, fibroblasts exhibit contact inhibition, meaning they cease proliferation when they reach a certain density and come into contact with neighboring cells. This is mediated by cell-cell adhesion molecules and signaling pathways that regulate cell cycle progression.
* **Senescence:** Fibroblasts, like other cells, undergo senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest. This limits their proliferative potential and plays a role in tissue homeostasis and aging.
**Overall, fibroblast proliferation is a highly controlled process involving a complex network of signaling pathways, growth factors, ECM components, and mechanical cues. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to control fibroblast activity in wound healing, tissue engineering, and fibrosis.**'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Catenin beta-1 | A catenin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P35222] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (6)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| toxoflavin | toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7. toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure | carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| cercosporin | cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants | ||
| LSM-42773 | aromatic ketone | ||
| etodolac, (-)-isomer | (R)-etodolac : The R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. | etodolac | |
| ucn 1028 c | calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides |