Target type: biologicalprocess
The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]
Somatic stem cell division is a fundamental process in tissue maintenance and repair. These cells, unlike their differentiated counterparts, retain the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types. The division of a somatic stem cell can result in two identical stem cells (symmetrical division), ensuring the long-term maintenance of the stem cell pool, or one stem cell and one progenitor cell (asymmetrical division), which commits to a specific lineage and ultimately differentiates.
The process is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include transcription factors and signaling pathways that control cell cycle progression and fate decisions. Extrinsic factors include signals from the surrounding microenvironment (niche), which provide cues for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.
During somatic stem cell division, the cell undergoes a series of stages:
1. **G1 phase:** The cell grows and synthesizes proteins, preparing for DNA replication.
2. **S phase:** DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genome.
3. **G2 phase:** The cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins, preparing for mitosis.
4. **M phase:** The cell divides into two daughter cells, through a process called mitosis. Mitosis is a highly regulated process that ensures accurate chromosome segregation to each daughter cell.
The division of somatic stem cells is crucial for tissue homeostasis, as it replenishes lost cells and maintains tissue function. This process is particularly important in tissues with high turnover rates, such as the skin, blood, and intestines.
Stem cell division is also implicated in tissue regeneration and repair. In response to injury, stem cells can proliferate and differentiate to replace damaged cells. This process is essential for restoring tissue integrity and function after trauma or disease.
However, dysregulation of stem cell division can lead to various diseases, including cancer. When stem cell division becomes uncontrolled, it can result in the formation of tumors. Conversely, a failure of stem cell division can lead to degenerative diseases, such as aging-related decline in tissue function.
Therefore, understanding the complex mechanisms that regulate somatic stem cell division is crucial for developing therapies for various diseases and promoting tissue regeneration.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein Wnt-3a | A protein Wnt-3a that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P56704] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 | A neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46531] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| calotropin | calotropin: structure in first source | cardenolide glycoside | |
| CCT251545 | CCT251545 : A chloropyridine that is 3-chloropyridine substituted by a 1-oxo-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl group and a 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl group at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Wnt signaling (IC50 = 5 nM) and a potent and selective chemical probe for cyclin-dependent kinases CDK8 and CDK19. CCT251545: a Wnt signaling inhibitor; structure in first source | azaspiro compound; chloropyridine; pyrazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| xav939 | XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine | tankyrase inhibitor |
| nvp-tnks656 |