Page last updated: 2024-10-24

D-glucuronate catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate. [GOC:jl, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]

The D-glucuronate catabolic process is a crucial metabolic pathway that breaks down D-glucuronate, a derivative of glucose, into simpler molecules. This process occurs in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and mammals. Here's a detailed description:

1. **Initial Steps:** The pathway begins with the conversion of D-glucuronate to D-glucuronic acid by an enzyme called glucuronokinase. This step involves the phosphorylation of D-glucuronate, adding a phosphate group to the molecule.

2. **Decarboxylation:** The D-glucuronic acid then undergoes decarboxylation, a process where a carbon dioxide molecule is removed. This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called glucuronate decarboxylase, resulting in the formation of L-gulonate.

3. **Dehydration:** L-gulonate is subsequently dehydrated, losing a water molecule, to form L-xylulose. This reaction is facilitated by an enzyme called L-gulonate dehydrogenase.

4. **Isomerization:** L-xylulose is then isomerized to D-xylulose by an enzyme called xylulose isomerase. This step involves the rearrangement of atoms within the molecule, converting it to a different isomeric form.

5. **Pentose Phosphate Pathway:** The D-xylulose produced enters the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a central metabolic pathway that plays a role in various cellular processes, including the synthesis of NADPH and the production of precursor molecules for nucleotide biosynthesis.

6. **Further Degradation:** Within the PPP, D-xylulose can be further degraded through a series of enzymatic reactions, ultimately yielding intermediates that can be utilized in other metabolic pathways.

Overall, the D-glucuronate catabolic process is an essential metabolic pathway for the degradation of D-glucuronate. It plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism, providing energy and essential precursors for various biosynthetic processes. The pathway also plays a role in detoxification, as glucuronate conjugation is a major mechanism for eliminating harmful substances from the body.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1[no definition available]Bos taurus (cattle)
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1An aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P14550]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (12)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
zopolrestatzopolrestat: structure given in first source
valproic acidvalproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.

Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.
branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
fr 74366
tolrestattolrestat: RN & structure given in first sourcenaphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
octyl gallategallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
lidorestatlidorestat: might prove useful in treating chronic diabetic complications; structure in first source
fidarestatfidarestat: structure given in first source
minalrestatminalrestat: a vasoactive agentisoquinolines
sorbinilsorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.

sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor
azaspiro compound;
chromanes;
imidazolidinone;
organofluorine compound;
oxaspiro compound
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
epalrestatepalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
idd 594Idd 594: structure in first source
caffeic acid phenethyl esterphenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent