Target type: biologicalprocess
The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. [CL:0000201, GOC:jl]
Inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves a series of intricate steps, ultimately giving rise to specialized sensory cells responsible for sound perception. This process begins with the specification of the otic placode, a thickening of the surface ectoderm, which is induced by signals from the underlying mesoderm. The otic placode then invaginates and detaches from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle, a precursor to the inner ear. Within the otic vesicle, distinct regions emerge, including the sensory epithelium that will give rise to auditory receptor cells, known as hair cells.
Hair cell differentiation is a multi-step process that involves the activation of specific transcription factors and signaling pathways. These factors control the expression of genes required for the development of hair cell morphology and function.
One crucial step in hair cell differentiation is the formation of stereocilia, hair-like projections that extend from the apical surface of hair cells and are essential for mechanotransduction, the process by which sound waves are converted into electrical signals. Stereocilia are arranged in a specific pattern on the hair cell surface and are connected by tip links, specialized structures that allow for the mechanical gating of ion channels.
The development of the supporting cells, which surround and support hair cells, is also tightly regulated. Supporting cells are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sensory epithelium and providing structural and metabolic support to hair cells.
Overall, inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation is a remarkable and intricate process that involves the interplay of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. It is a testament to the complexity and elegance of developmental biology. '
```
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bone morphogenetic protein 4 | A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Fibroblast growth factor 2 | A fibroblast growth factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09038] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| tivozanib | N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | aromatic ether | |
| dorsomorphin | dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor | aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines | bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor |
| ldn 193189 | LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling | pyrimidines | |
| ml347 | ML347: an ALK2 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| phosphomannopentaose sulfate | phosphomannopentaose sulfate: structure in first source | ||
| pg 545 | PG 545: an anti-angiogenesis agent with heparanase inhibitory activity; structure in first source |