peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine. [RESID:AA0068, RESID:AA0069]

Peptidyl-arginine methylation to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine, also known as ADMA, is a post-translational modification involving the enzymatic transfer of two methyl groups to a specific arginine residue within a protein. This process is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs).

PRMTs utilize S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor, transferring the methyl group to the guanidino nitrogen of the arginine residue. In the case of asymmetrical dimethylation, PRMTs transfer two methyl groups to different nitrogens on the guanidino group of arginine.

The process of ADMA formation involves several key steps:

1. **Recognition and Binding:** The PRMT enzyme recognizes and binds to a specific sequence within the target protein, often in the context of a specific structural motif. This interaction brings the arginine residue into close proximity to the active site of the enzyme.
2. **Methylation:** The PRMT catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from SAM to the guanidino nitrogen of the arginine residue. This results in the formation of monomethylarginine (MMA).
3. **Second Methylation:** The PRMT then catalyzes a second methylation event, transferring another methyl group to a different nitrogen on the guanidino group. This results in the formation of ADMA.

The specific PRMTs responsible for ADMA formation are PRMT1 and PRMT4. These enzymes have distinct substrate specificities and play important roles in a variety of cellular processes.

ADMA formation has significant biological implications. It can modulate protein function, alter protein-protein interactions, and impact signaling pathways. For instance, ADMA has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer.

In summary, peptidyl-arginine methylation to ADMA is a complex process that involves specific enzymes, substrates, and regulatory mechanisms. It plays a crucial role in cellular processes and is associated with a range of biological and pathological conditions.'
"

Proteins (5)

Compounds (23)