Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
Positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process is a crucial biological process that controls the production of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs are complex molecules found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, playing diverse roles in cell signaling, development, and disease.
This regulatory process involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions, starting with the synthesis of a core protein. The core protein is then modified through the addition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), specifically heparan sulfate chains.
The synthesis of heparan sulfate chains is a complex and tightly regulated process involving multiple enzymes. These enzymes include:
* **Heparan sulfate polymerases:** These enzymes catalyze the polymerization of heparan sulfate chains from UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.
* **Epimerases:** These enzymes convert glucuronic acid residues to iduronic acid residues.
* **Sulfatases:** These enzymes remove sulfate groups from specific positions on the heparan sulfate chain.
* **Sulfotransferases:** These enzymes add sulfate groups to specific positions on the heparan sulfate chain.
The specific activities and expression levels of these enzymes are regulated by various factors, including:
* **Transcriptional factors:** These proteins bind to DNA and regulate the expression of genes encoding the enzymes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis.
* **Post-translational modifications:** These modifications, such as phosphorylation or glycosylation, can alter the activity of the enzymes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis.
* **Cellular signaling pathways:** These pathways, such as the Wnt or Hedgehog pathways, can influence the expression and activity of enzymes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis.
Positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process increases the production of HSPGs, leading to changes in cell signaling, adhesion, and migration. This regulation is essential for normal development, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of this process has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Transcription factor 7-like 2 | A transcription factor 7-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NQB0] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Catenin beta-1 | A catenin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P35222] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| toxoflavin | toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7. toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure | carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| cercosporin | cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants | ||
| LSM-42773 | aromatic ketone | ||
| etodolac, (-)-isomer | (R)-etodolac : The R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. | etodolac | |
| ucn 1028 c | calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides |