phototransduction
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal. [GOC:go_curators]
Phototransduction is the process by which light is converted into an electrical signal in the retina. It begins with the absorption of light by photoreceptor cells, specifically rod and cone cells. These cells contain light-sensitive pigments, rhodopsin in rods and photopsin in cones. When light strikes rhodopsin, it undergoes a conformational change, activating a protein called transducin. Transducin, in turn, activates phosphodiesterase, an enzyme that breaks down cyclic GMP (cGMP). cGMP is normally bound to sodium channels in the plasma membrane of the photoreceptor cell, keeping them open and allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell. When cGMP is broken down, the sodium channels close, reducing the flow of sodium ions and hyperpolarizing the cell. This change in membrane potential is the electrical signal that is transmitted to other neurons in the retina, eventually leading to the perception of light.'
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Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| G-protein coupled receptor 52 | A G-protein coupled receptor 52 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q9Y2T5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 | A sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NFF2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Short transient receptor potential channel 3 | A short transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:Q13507] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (7)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| ym 58483 | |||
| clemizole | clemizole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively. clemizole: was heading 1966-94 (see under BENZIMIDAZOLES 1966-90); use BENZIMIDAZOLES to search CLEMIZOLE 1966-94; a histamine H1- blocker used to treat allergies | benzimidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolidines | histamine antagonist |
| potassium chloride | potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA. | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| N-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine | benzimidazoles | ||
| 4-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-7-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | pyrazoles; ring assembly | ||
| 1,5-diphenyl-2-penten-1-one | 1,5-diphenyl-2-penten-1-one: extracted from Stellera chamaejasme; structure in first source | ||
| ethyl 1-(4-(2,3,3-trichloroacrylamido)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxylate | ethyl 1-(4-(2,3,3-trichloroacrylamido)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate: structure in first source |