nuclear migration
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell. [GOC:ai]
Nuclear migration is a fundamental biological process that involves the directed movement of the nucleus within a cell. This movement is essential for various cellular functions, including development, differentiation, and response to environmental cues. The mechanism of nuclear migration is complex and involves a coordinated interplay of cytoskeletal elements, motor proteins, and signaling pathways.
One key factor in nuclear migration is the interaction between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, primarily the microtubule network. Microtubules are dynamic polymers that serve as tracks for motor proteins. These motor proteins, such as dynein and kinesin, bind to the nuclear envelope and use the microtubules to transport the nucleus along specific pathways.
The direction of nuclear migration is often regulated by signaling cues, such as growth factors, chemoattractants, or cell-cell interactions. These cues activate signaling pathways that lead to the recruitment of specific motor proteins to the nuclear envelope and the formation of microtubule tracks.
For example, during neuronal development, the nucleus migrates towards the tip of the growing axon. This migration is guided by signals from the axon tip that activate specific signaling pathways, leading to the recruitment of dynein motors to the nuclear envelope. Dynein then uses microtubules to pull the nucleus along the axon.
Another important aspect of nuclear migration is the regulation of nuclear size and shape. The nuclear envelope is a highly dynamic structure that can be remodeled to facilitate migration. For instance, nuclear envelope proteins can be phosphorylated, leading to changes in nuclear shape and flexibility.
In addition to microtubules, other cytoskeletal elements, such as actin filaments, can also contribute to nuclear migration. Actin filaments can provide support and guidance for the nucleus as it moves through the cytoplasm.
Nuclear migration is a tightly controlled process that is essential for normal cellular function. Dysregulation of nuclear migration can lead to developmental defects and disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying nuclear migration is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cell division control protein 42 homolog | A cell division control protein 42 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P60953] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 | A Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:O14745] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (8)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| fasudil | fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
| ketorolac | 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively. ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure. Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| sanguinarine chloride | |||
| chelerythrine chloride | |||
| 2-[[benzamido(sulfanylidene)methyl]amino]-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyran-3-carboxylic acid | CID1067700: a pan-GTPase inhibitor; structure in first source | thienopyran | |
| fh535 | FH535: inhibits Wnt signaling | sulfonamide | |
| y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer | |||
| secramine a | secramine A: inhibits VSVG transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; also inhibits Cdc42-dependent cell functions; structure in first source |