Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. [GOC:mah]
Ubiquinone metabolism, also known as coenzyme Q metabolism, is a crucial biological process that plays a pivotal role in cellular respiration and energy production. This complex process involves the synthesis, reduction, and oxidation of ubiquinone (CoQ), a small lipid-soluble molecule that acts as an electron carrier within the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
Ubiquinone biosynthesis begins in the mitochondria, where a series of enzymatic reactions convert the precursor molecule 4-hydroxybenzoate into CoQ. This pathway involves the addition of an isoprenoid side chain, which increases the lipophilicity of CoQ, enabling it to move freely within the mitochondrial membrane.
In the electron transport chain, CoQ accepts electrons from various electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, which are produced during the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This electron transfer process reduces CoQ to ubiquinol (CoQH2), a more reduced form of the molecule.
Ubiquinol then carries the electrons to the next component of the electron transport chain, a complex protein called cytochrome c reductase. As electrons are transferred to cytochrome c reductase, energy is released, which is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.
The final step in ubiquinone metabolism involves the oxidation of ubiquinol back to ubiquinone. This reaction is catalyzed by cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the electron transport chain. As ubiquinol is oxidized, oxygen is reduced to water, generating the energy required for ATP synthesis.
Ubiquinone metabolism is essential for cellular function, as it provides the energy necessary for numerous cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and protein synthesis. Dysregulation of this process can lead to a range of health problems, including mitochondrial diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
In summary, ubiquinone metabolism is a complex, highly regulated process that is vital for cellular energy production and overall health. This process involves the biosynthesis, reduction, and oxidation of ubiquinone, which serves as a crucial electron carrier within the mitochondrial electron transport chain.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| NAD | An NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15559] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4'-bromoflavone | 4'-bromoflavone: structure in first source | ||
| beta-naphthoflavone | beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone. beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308) | extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist |
| beta-lapachone | beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| sulforaphane | sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen. sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L. | isothiocyanate; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| c 1303 | C 1303: DNa-binding drug; structure given indicates that the cpd should be the dimethylamino cpd, but it is named as the diethylamino cpd | ||
| nsc 366140 | NSC 366140: a 9-methoxypyrazoloacridine; structure given in first source | ||
| 5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)indole-4,7-dione | 5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)indole-4,7-dione: structure in first source | ||
| bisantrene | |||
| 4,3',5'-tri-o-methylpiceatannol | |||
| memoquin | memoquin: structure in first source | ||
| dicumarol | Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| ethyl biscoumacetate | Ethyl Biscoumacetate: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226) | hydroxycoumarin | |
| nsc 158393 | NSC 158393: structure given in first source |