Page last updated: 2024-10-24

L-serine catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg]

L-serine catabolism is a metabolic pathway that breaks down the amino acid L-serine into pyruvate and ammonia. This process is essential for the maintenance of cellular energy and the regulation of serine levels in the body. It plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the synthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids. The L-serine catabolic process begins with the conversion of L-serine to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate by the enzyme serine dehydratase. This reaction involves the removal of a water molecule and the formation of an α-keto acid. 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate is then converted to pyruvate by the enzyme phosphohydroxypyruvate phosphatase. This reaction involves the removal of a phosphate group and the formation of an α-hydroxy acid. The pyruvate produced in this pathway can be used as a substrate for the citric acid cycle, which is the main energy-producing pathway in cells. The ammonia produced in this pathway can be used for the synthesis of other amino acids or excreted from the body. There are two main pathways for L-serine catabolism in mammals: 1. **Serine dehydratase pathway**: This pathway is the primary route for L-serine catabolism in the liver. It involves the enzyme serine dehydratase, which converts L-serine to pyruvate and ammonia. 2. **Glycine cleavage system**: This pathway is primarily active in the mitochondria. It involves the enzyme glycine cleavage system, which converts glycine to CO2, ammonia, and a one-carbon unit. Mutations in genes involved in L-serine catabolism can lead to various disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia, mental retardation, and seizures. The regulation of L-serine catabolism is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of toxic byproducts. This process is tightly controlled by various factors, including the availability of substrates, the activity of enzymes, and the cellular environment.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Cystathionine beta-synthaseA cystathionine beta-synthase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P35520]Homo sapiens (human)
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolicA serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P34896]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (9)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
aminooxyacetic acid(aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.

Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.
amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
aurintricarboxylic acidaurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.

Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
hypericin
agathisflavoneagathisflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-6 and C-8 of the two chromene rings.

agathisflavone: bis-apigenin coupled at 6 and 8 positions; isolated from the plant Canarium manii; has hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity
biaryl;
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
cupressuflavonecupressuflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities.

cupressuflavone: from Cupressus macrocarpa; structure in first source
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly
EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
podocarpusflavone apodocarpusflavone A: isolated from Podocarpus imbricatusflavonoid oligomer
rubrolide arubrolide A: from Synoicum prunum; structure in first source
pemetrexedpemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor