regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract). [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:rl, PMID:17276708]
The secondary heart field (SHF) is a critical component of the developing heart, contributing to the formation of the right ventricle, outflow tract, and parts of the atria. The regulation of SHF cardioblast proliferation is a tightly controlled process that involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications.
One of the key signaling pathways involved in SHF cardioblast proliferation is the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt ligands, secreted glycoproteins, activate downstream signaling cascades that promote cell proliferation and survival. Wnt signaling is essential for SHF development, as evidenced by the fact that mutations in Wnt genes can lead to congenital heart defects.
Another important signaling pathway is the BMP signaling pathway. BMP ligands, secreted proteins, activate downstream signaling cascades that can both promote and inhibit cell proliferation depending on the context. BMP signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of SHF cardioblast proliferation, as it can influence the size and shape of the heart.
In addition to signaling pathways, transcription factors also play a crucial role in regulating SHF cardioblast proliferation. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. Several transcription factors have been implicated in SHF development, including GATA4, NKX2.5, and MEF2C. These transcription factors can directly activate or repress the expression of genes that control cell cycle progression.
Finally, epigenetic modifications also play a role in regulating SHF cardioblast proliferation. Epigenetic modifications are changes in DNA or histone proteins that do not alter the DNA sequence but can affect gene expression. For example, histone acetylation can promote gene expression, while DNA methylation can repress gene expression.
Overall, the regulation of SHF cardioblast proliferation is a complex process that involves a combination of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. These factors work together to ensure that the SHF develops properly and contributes to the formation of a healthy heart.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Catenin beta-1 | A catenin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P35222] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (6)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| salvin | salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae) | abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| toxoflavin | toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7. toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure | carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| cercosporin | cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants | ||
| LSM-42773 | aromatic ketone | ||
| etodolac, (-)-isomer | (R)-etodolac : The R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. | etodolac | |
| ucn 1028 c | calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides |