production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, ISBN:0781735149]

The production of molecular mediators involved in the inflammatory response is a complex process that involves a cascade of events triggered by tissue injury or infection. These mediators, primarily cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, are released from various cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. The process begins with the recognition of the damaging stimulus by cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on their surface. This recognition triggers intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the activation of transcription factors, like NF-κB, which regulate the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory mediators.

Once synthesized, these mediators are released into the extracellular space where they act on target cells, including immune cells, blood vessels, and other tissues. These mediators have various functions:

* **Cytokines**: Like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, they promote inflammation by inducing the recruitment of immune cells, activating endothelial cells, and triggering the release of other mediators.
* **Chemokines**: Like IL-8 and MCP-1, they act as chemoattractants, guiding immune cells to the site of injury or infection.
* **Lipid mediators**: Like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, they contribute to pain, swelling, and vasodilation.

The production of inflammatory mediators is tightly regulated to ensure that inflammation is controlled and resolved. Once the stimulus is removed, the production of mediators is reduced, and the inflammatory response is dampened. The resolution of inflammation involves the production of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10, and the recruitment of specialized phagocytes, like macrophages, to clear the debris.

However, in certain cases, the inflammatory response can become dysregulated, leading to chronic inflammation. This can contribute to the development of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (11)