Page last updated: 2024-10-24

response to molecule of bacterial origin

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin. [GOC:rl, GOC:sm]

Response to molecule of bacterial origin is a complex biological process involving a cascade of events that are triggered by the detection of bacterial molecules by host cells. These molecules can be diverse, including bacterial cell wall components like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycans, and flagellin, as well as secreted factors like toxins and virulence factors.

Upon recognition of these bacterial molecules, host cells activate a series of signaling pathways that lead to the expression of genes involved in the immune response. This activation can occur through various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), located on the cell surface and within the cytoplasm, respectively.

TLR activation by bacterial components triggers the recruitment of adaptor proteins that initiate downstream signaling cascades, leading to the activation of transcription factors like NF-κB and IRF3. These factors then translocate to the nucleus and induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other immune mediators.

The release of these mediators serves multiple purposes:

- **Inflammation:** They attract immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, to the site of infection.
- **Antigen presentation:** They activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to process and present bacterial antigens to T cells.
- **Adaptive immunity:** They contribute to the development of adaptive immune responses, including the production of antibodies and the generation of specific T cells that can target and eliminate bacterial pathogens.

Beyond the innate immune response, the recognition of bacterial molecules can also influence the development of adaptive immune responses, leading to the generation of memory cells that can provide long-lasting protection against subsequent infections.

Overall, response to molecule of bacterial origin is a crucial component of the host's defense against bacterial infections. It involves a multifaceted interplay of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that work together to eliminate the pathogen and prevent disease.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Interleukin-10An interleukin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:JAN, UniProtKB:P22301]Homo sapiens (human)
Interleukin-8An interleukin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PMID:15623624, SALO:AJ]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (8)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
diclofenacdiclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.

Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.
amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound
antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
indomethacinindometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.

Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.
aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole
analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic;
xenobiotic metabolite
tolmetintolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ibufenacibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.

ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd
monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ibuprofen, (r)-isomeribuprofen
ketoprofen
2-anilinophenylacetic acid2-anilinophenylacetic acid: structure in first source
hg-9-91-01HG-9-91-01 : A member of the class of phenylureas that is a potent inhibitor of salt-inducible kinase 2, a potential target protein for therapy in ovarian cancer.

HG-9-91-01: inhibits salt-inducible kinases; structure in first source
aminopyrimidine;
dimethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
phenylureas;
secondary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
salt-inducible kinase 2 inhibitor