Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD+ = biliverdin + NADH+ H+. [RHEA:15797]
Biliverdin reductase NAD+ activity is a critical enzyme activity involved in the heme degradation pathway. It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of biliverdin, a green pigment formed during heme breakdown, to bilirubin, a yellow pigment. This reaction is crucial for the detoxification and removal of heme, a molecule essential for oxygen transport but also potentially toxic.
The enzyme, biliverdin reductase, binds to both NADPH and biliverdin. The NADPH acts as a reducing agent, donating electrons to biliverdin, while the enzyme facilitates the transfer of these electrons to the biliverdin molecule. This reduction process converts the central methine bridge of biliverdin from a double bond to a single bond, resulting in the formation of bilirubin.
Bilirubin is then transported to the liver, where it is conjugated with glucuronic acid, making it more water-soluble and allowing for its excretion in bile. This process is essential for removing bilirubin from the body, preventing its accumulation, which can lead to jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes.
In summary, biliverdin reductase NAD+ activity plays a vital role in the heme degradation pathway by reducing biliverdin to bilirubin, a process essential for detoxification and removal of heme, and preventing the buildup of toxic compounds in the body.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Flavin reductase (NADPH) | A flavin reductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30043] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| erythrosine | Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | ||
| sulfasalazine | sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) | ||
| olsalazine | olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond | azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| tamibarotene | tamibarotene : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine. tamibarotene: has retinoid-binding activity | dicarboxylic acid monoamide; retinoid; tetralins | antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist |
| febuxostat | febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT. | 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile | EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
| deferasirox | deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA. | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| ptc 124 | oxadiazole; ring assembly |