G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA. [PMID:11349150]

G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding is a crucial process in maintaining the integrity and stability of chromosomes. Telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, consist of repetitive sequences of guanine-rich (G-rich) and cytosine-rich (C-rich) DNA strands. The G-rich strand, also known as the 3' overhang, is single-stranded and protrudes beyond the C-rich strand, forming a unique structure called a G-quadruplex. G-quadruplexes are highly stable, four-stranded structures formed by the stacking of guanine tetrads. These structures are stabilized by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds between guanine bases. G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding proteins recognize and interact with these G-quadruplex structures. This interaction plays a vital role in several key telomere functions, including:

1. **Telomere Protection:** The binding of G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding proteins protects the ends of chromosomes from degradation and fusion. The G-quadruplex structure itself contributes to telomere protection by preventing the activation of DNA damage response pathways.

2. **Telomere Length Regulation:** G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding proteins can influence telomerase activity, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length. Some proteins can promote telomerase recruitment to the telomere, while others can inhibit it.

3. **Chromatin Organization:** G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding proteins contribute to the proper organization of telomeric chromatin, ensuring the correct positioning and structure of telomeres within the nucleus.

4. **Signaling and Regulation:** G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding proteins can also participate in signaling pathways involved in cellular senescence, proliferation, and DNA repair.

In summary, G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding is a critical molecular function that contributes to the stability, maintenance, and regulation of telomeres. It involves the recognition and interaction of specific proteins with G-quadruplex structures, influencing telomere length, protection, chromatin organization, and signaling pathways.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (3)