histone H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:sp, PMID:20622853]

Histone H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylases are enzymes that remove methyl groups from lysine 27 of histone H3, a key regulatory modification in eukaryotic chromatin. These enzymes play a critical role in gene regulation by modulating the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins.

H3K27 methylation is typically associated with gene silencing, and demethylases contribute to the activation of genes by removing the repressive mark. The removal of methyl groups from H3K27 can lead to a more open chromatin structure, allowing for the recruitment of transcription factors and the initiation of gene transcription.

There are two main families of H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylases:

* **KDM6 (JMJD3) family:** These demethylases are dioxygenases that use Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactors to catalyze the oxidative demethylation of H3K27. They are often involved in the regulation of developmental genes and are implicated in various diseases, including cancer.

* **KDM7 (PHF2) family:** This family also utilizes Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactors but differs in their catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity. KDM7 enzymes are known to demethylate both H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, but they may also target other histone lysine residues. They are associated with diverse cellular processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle control, and neuronal function.

The specific function of H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylases depends on the cellular context, the target gene, and the interplay with other regulatory factors. These enzymes are essential for proper gene expression and development, and their dysregulation can contribute to various diseases.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (14)