Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide. [MetaCyc:RXN-9599]
Diamine oxidase activity is a crucial enzymatic function responsible for the oxidative deamination of primary amines, particularly diamines, such as histamine and putrescine. This process involves the removal of an amino group from a substrate, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. Diamine oxidase is a flavin-containing enzyme, meaning it utilizes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. The mechanism involves the following steps: 1) The enzyme binds to the diamine substrate. 2) FAD is reduced by the substrate, leading to the formation of a Schiff base intermediate. 3) Oxygen is incorporated into the reaction, oxidizing the Schiff base and regenerating FAD. 4) The oxidized substrate is released as an aldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. Diamine oxidase plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including regulation of amine levels, modulation of inflammation, and detoxification. It is particularly important in the breakdown of histamine, a key mediator of allergic reactions, and putrescine, a polyamine associated with cell growth and differentiation. The activity of diamine oxidase is tightly regulated by factors such as pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors. Dysregulation of diamine oxidase activity has been implicated in various diseases, including allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] | An amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P19801] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| diminazene | diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group. Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent. | carboxamidine; triazene derivative | antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug |
| pentamidine | pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| benzylamine | aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups. | aralkylamine; primary amine | allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |