Page last updated: 2024-10-24

pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transfer of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:ai]

Pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity is a crucial process in cellular metabolism, facilitating the movement of pyruvate across cell membranes. Pyruvate, a key metabolic intermediate, is generated during glycolysis and serves as a substrate for various metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. Pyruvate transmembrane transporters ensure the efficient delivery of pyruvate to these pathways, enabling optimal cellular energy production and biosynthesis. These transporters typically operate as integral membrane proteins, utilizing a variety of mechanisms to mediate pyruvate movement. Some transporters may employ passive diffusion, driven by concentration gradients, while others may utilize active transport mechanisms powered by energy sources like ATP or ion gradients. The specific mechanisms and characteristics of pyruvate transmembrane transporters vary depending on the cell type, organism, and the specific transporter protein involved. This molecular function plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating metabolic flux, and supporting essential biological processes.'
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Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2A brain protein 44 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O95563]Homo sapiens (human)
Monocarboxylate transporter 2A monocarboxylate transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60669]Homo sapiens (human)
Monocarboxylate transporter 4A monocarboxylate transporter 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15427]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (19)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
alpha-ketoisovalerate3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.

alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd
2-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.

alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
2-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
short-chain fatty acid
2-keto-4-methylvalerate4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.

alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
2-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid
algal metabolite;
human metabolite
acetoacetic acidacetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.3-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body
metabolite
pyruvic acidpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.

Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
2-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonistnitrobenzoic acid
phloretindihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
syrosingopinesyrosingopine: was heading 1963-94; SYRINGOPINE was see SYROSINGOPINE 1977-94; use RESERPINE to search SYROSINGOPINE 1966-94yohimban alkaloid
3-chloropropionic acid3-chloropropionic acid: structure
2-hydroxybutyric acid2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.

2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation

hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.
2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid
algal metabolite;
human metabolite
d-lactic acid(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.2-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid : The R-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, it can be used as an energy source by the brain during hypoglycaemia, and for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. It is a sex pheremone in the European spider Linyphia triangularis.3-hydroxybutyric acid;
ketone body
fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
pheromone
(S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid(S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid : The S-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid; a normal human metabolite, that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression.3-hydroxybutyric acid
coumarin 343coumarin 343: structure in first source7-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acidalpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is 4-hydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxy group is replaced by a cyano group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of peptides and oligonucleotides.monohydroxycinnamic acid;
nitrile;
phenols
MALDI matrix material
msdc-0160MSDC-0160: an mTOT (mitochondrial target of thiazolidinediones) modulator for insulin sensitization; structure in first sourcearomatic ether
sodium lactatesodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.

Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.
lactate salt;
organic sodium salt
food acidity regulator;
food preservative