Target type: molecularfunction
Combining with advanced glycation end-products and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form from a series of chemical reactions after an initial glycation event (a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins). [GOC:signaling, PMID:12453678, PMID:12707408, PMID:7592757, PMID:9224812, Wikipedia:RAGE_(receptor)]
Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) receptors are a family of transmembrane proteins that bind to AGEs, which are complex, heterogeneous molecules formed by the non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins or lipids. AGEs accumulate in tissues over time, particularly in individuals with diabetes or other chronic diseases. The binding of AGEs to their receptors triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that can lead to a variety of cellular responses, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death. AGE receptor activity is characterized by the following molecular functions:
* **Ligand Binding:** AGE receptors bind to AGEs with high affinity and specificity. The binding sites on the receptors typically involve multiple amino acid residues that interact with the AGE molecule.
* **Signal Transduction:** Upon AGE binding, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that activates downstream signaling pathways. These pathways involve a variety of signaling molecules, including kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors.
* **Cellular Response:** The activated signaling pathways elicited by AGE receptor activity can lead to a variety of cellular responses, including:
* **Inflammation:** AGEs can promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
* **Oxidative Stress:** AGE receptors can activate NADPH oxidase, an enzyme that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA.
* **Cell Death:** AGE receptors can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) by activating the caspase cascade.
* **Tissue Remodeling:** AGE receptors can stimulate the production of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and elastin, which can lead to tissue fibrosis.
* **Vascular Dysfunction:** AGEs can contribute to vascular dysfunction by promoting endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and platelet aggregation.
* **Regulation of Gene Expression:** AGE receptor activation can lead to changes in gene expression by modulating the activity of transcription factors. This can result in the upregulation or downregulation of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death.
AGE receptor activity is a complex process that plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of AGE receptor activity may provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target these diseases.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor | An advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15109] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| quinolinic acid | pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS. | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| matrine | alkaloid | ||
| vilazodone | vilazodone : A 1-benzofuran that is 5-(piperazin-1-yl}-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide having a (5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl group attached at position N-4 on the piperazine ring. Used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. | 1-benzofurans; indoles; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; nitrile | antidepressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| fps-zm1 | FPS-ZM1: a neuroprotective agent and RAGE receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| n(delta)-(5-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)ornithine | N(delta)-(5-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)ornithine: RN given for (L)-isomer; structure in first source |