C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:signaling, PMID:15059845]

C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity, also known as CCR19 activity, involves the binding of the chemokine CCL19 to its cognate receptor, CCR19. This interaction triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to various cellular responses, including chemotaxis, cell migration, and activation.

CCR19 is primarily expressed on immune cells, including lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. CCL19 acts as a chemoattractant, guiding these cells towards areas of inflammation or infection. When CCL19 binds to CCR19, it activates a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway. This involves the coupling of the receptor to a heterotrimeric G protein, which then dissociates into its alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.

The activated G protein alpha subunit can activate downstream signaling molecules, such as phospholipase C (PLC), which hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 triggers the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores, while DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC).

These signaling events ultimately lead to changes in cellular function, such as:

- **Chemotaxis:** CCR19 signaling promotes directed cell migration towards CCL19 gradients, enabling immune cells to reach sites of inflammation or infection.
- **Cell activation:** CCR19 signaling can activate immune cells, leading to the production of cytokines and chemokines, as well as the upregulation of adhesion molecules.
- **Lymphocyte trafficking:** CCR19 plays a critical role in lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes. CCL19 is highly expressed in lymph nodes, attracting lymphocytes through CCR19 signaling.

Overall, CCR19 activity plays a crucial role in immune cell trafficking, activation, and the coordination of immune responses. It is involved in various physiological processes, including immune surveillance, inflammation, and adaptive immunity.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)