lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue. [GOC:mah]

Lysine N-methyltransferase activity is a crucial enzymatic function involved in the post-translational modification of proteins. This process entails the transfer of a methyl group from a methyl donor, typically S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue within a target protein. This methylation event can significantly alter the protein's structure, function, and interactions with other molecules. The specific outcome of lysine methylation is highly dependent on the target protein, the location of the modified lysine residue, and the number of methyl groups added (mono-, di-, or tri-methylation). Lysine N-methyltransferases play a pivotal role in a wide range of cellular processes, including:

- **Gene regulation**: Methylation of histones, the proteins that package DNA, can alter chromatin structure and influence gene expression. This regulation can involve both activation and repression of gene transcription.
- **Signal transduction**: Methylation events can modify the activity of signaling proteins, influencing cellular responses to various stimuli.
- **Cellular metabolism**: Lysine methylation can regulate metabolic pathways by affecting the activity of enzymes involved in these pathways.
- **Protein stability and degradation**: Methylation can influence protein stability and degradation by affecting their interactions with other proteins, such as ubiquitin ligases, which mediate protein breakdown.
- **Immune response**: Methylation plays a role in the regulation of the immune system, influencing the activation and function of immune cells.

Dysregulation of lysine N-methyltransferase activity has been linked to various human diseases, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, understanding the intricate mechanisms of lysine methylation is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting these conditions.'
"

Proteins (4)

Compounds (8)