sodium:chloride symporter activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in). [TC:2.A.30.4.-]
Sodium:chloride symporter activity is a transmembrane transport process that facilitates the simultaneous movement of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions across cell membranes. This process is crucial for maintaining electrolyte balance, regulating cell volume, and driving other transport processes. The symporter protein binds to both Na+ and Cl- ions on one side of the membrane, undergoing a conformational change that allows the ions to move across the membrane together. This movement is driven by the electrochemical gradient of Na+, meaning that the concentration of Na+ is higher on one side of the membrane than the other. As Na+ moves down its concentration gradient, it provides the energy to move Cl- against its concentration gradient. This coupled movement of ions is known as symport. Sodium:chloride symporters are found in a variety of tissues and organs, including the kidneys, intestines, and lungs. They play essential roles in the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate in the kidneys, the absorption of these ions from the gut, and the secretion of Cl- into the airways. Mutations in the genes encoding sodium:chloride symporters can lead to a variety of diseases, including cystic fibrosis and Bartter syndrome. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs and other organs, due to a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is a chloride channel that works in conjunction with sodium:chloride symporters. Bartter syndrome is a group of inherited disorders that affect the kidneys' ability to reabsorb sodium, chloride, and potassium. Overall, sodium:chloride symporter activity is a fundamental process that is essential for maintaining normal physiological function.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 | A sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30531] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (17)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gamma-aminobutyric acid | gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 2,3-diaminopropionic acid | 3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group. | alanine derivative; amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid; diamino acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| guvacine | guvacine : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring. guvacine: RN given refers to parent cpd | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; beta-amino acid; pyridine alkaloid; secondary amino compound; tetrahydropyridine | GABA reuptake inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| nipecotic acid | nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| tiagabine | tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy. Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES. | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes | anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor |
| tiagabine hydrochloride | tiagabine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of tiagabine and hydrogen chloride. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy. | hydrochloride | anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor |
| n-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid | N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid: structure given in first source | diarylmethane | |
| nnc 711 | NNC 711: structure in first source | ||
| sk&f 100330-a | SK&F 100330-A: structure given in first source | ||
| ci 966 | CI 966: GABA uptake blocker; RN from Toxlit | diarylmethane | |
| hinokinin | hinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer). hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg | benzodioxoles; gamma-lactone; lignan | trypanocidal drug |
| n-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide | N-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide: inhibits the betaine-GABA transporter 1; structure in first source | ||
| nipecotic acid | (R)-nipecotic acid : The (R)-enantiopmer of nipecotic acid. | amino acid zwitterion; nipecotic acid | |
| nipecotic acid, (s)-isomer | (S)-nipecotic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of nipecotic acid. | nipecotic acid | |
| 2-ethoxy-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]benzamide | piperidines | ||
| nnc 05-2090 | NNC 05-2090: structure given in first source | carbazoles | |
| snap 5114 |