carbohydrate:proton symporter activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: carbohydrate(out) + H+(out) = carbohydrate(in) + H+(in). [TC:2.A.1.1]
Carbohydrate:proton symporters are membrane transport proteins responsible for the coupled movement of protons (H+) and carbohydrates across cellular membranes. They play a crucial role in the uptake of essential sugars, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, into cells. This process is driven by the electrochemical gradient of protons, which is established by the proton pump. As protons move down their concentration gradient, they provide the energy needed to transport carbohydrates against their concentration gradient. This symport mechanism ensures the efficient uptake of sugars into the cell, even when their concentration outside the cell is low. Carbohydrate:proton symporters are found in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They are essential for cellular metabolism, as they provide the building blocks for energy production, biosynthesis, and cell signaling. Different types of carbohydrate:proton symporters exhibit specificity for different sugars, allowing cells to selectively import specific carbohydrates according to their needs. The structure of carbohydrate:proton symporters typically consists of multiple transmembrane domains that form a channel through which both protons and carbohydrates can pass. The binding sites for protons and carbohydrates are located within this channel, allowing for the coordinated movement of both molecules. The activity of carbohydrate:proton symporters is regulated by factors such as pH, membrane potential, and the presence of specific inhibitors. These transporters are critical for the survival and function of cells and are therefore important targets for the development of new drugs and therapies.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 | A solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NRM0] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sialin | A sialin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NRA2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (4)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| orotic acid | orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE. | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uric acid | 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism. Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN. | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fr 139317 | FR 139317: endothelin receptor A antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| n-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine | N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine: a leumedin; RN given for (L)-isomer |