Target type: molecularfunction
Binding to an interleukin-2 receptor. [GOC:ai]
Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) binding is a crucial process in the immune system, facilitating the communication and activation of T cells. IL-2, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. Binding of IL-2 to its receptor, a hetero-trimeric complex composed of IL-2Rα (CD25), IL-2Rβ (CD122), and γc (CD132), initiates a signaling cascade that leads to T cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The molecular function of IL-2R binding involves several key steps:
1. **Ligand Binding:** IL-2 binds to the IL-2Rα subunit, initiating the assembly of the complete receptor complex. The α subunit has a low affinity for IL-2, but its binding is essential for the recruitment of the β and γc subunits, which have higher affinity for IL-2.
2. **Receptor Dimerization:** Upon IL-2 binding, the IL-2Rα subunit associates with the IL-2Rβ and γc subunits, forming a stable trimeric complex. This dimerization brings the cytoplasmic domains of the β and γc subunits into close proximity, enabling downstream signaling events.
3. **Signal Transduction:** The cytoplasmic domains of the β and γc subunits contain Janus kinase (JAK) binding sites. Once the receptor complex is assembled, JAKs become activated and phosphorylate the receptor subunits.
4. **Activation of STAT Proteins:** Phosphorylation of the receptor subunits creates docking sites for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. STAT proteins bind to the phosphorylated receptor and become phosphorylated themselves.
5. **Nuclear Translocation and Gene Expression:** Activated STAT proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate the transcription of genes involved in T cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
Overall, IL-2R binding is a complex process that involves multiple protein interactions and signaling pathways. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and signaling events are still being investigated, but the understanding of IL-2R binding is essential for understanding immune regulation and developing therapeutic strategies for immune disorders.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Interleukin-2 | An interleukin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P60568] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
daidzin | daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
ononin | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite | |
formononetin | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | phytoestrogen; plant metabolite | |
luteolin-7-glucoside | luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
N(2)-carbamimidoyl-N-{2-[4-(3-{4-[(5-carboxyfuran-2-yl)methoxy]-2,3-dichlorophenyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}-D-leucinamide | N(2)-carbamimidoyl-N-{2-[4-(3-{4-[(5-carboxyfuran-2-yl)methoxy]-2,3-dichlorophenyl}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}-D-leucinamide : A leucine derivative obtained by fpormal condensation of the secondary amino group of 5-({2,3-dichloro-4-[1-methyl-5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenoxy}methyl)-2-furoic acid and the carboxy group of N-amidino-L-leucylglycine | D-leucine derivative; dichlorobenzene; furoic acid; glycine derivative; guanidines; pyrazolylpiperidine | |
calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside | calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage. calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | |
diosgenin glucoside | diosgenin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside having diosgenin as the sterol component. diosgenin glucoside: RN given refers to (3beta,25R)-isomer; structure given in first source | hexacyclic triterpenoid; monosaccharide derivative; spiroketal; sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside | metabolite |