malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.1.1.40]
Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate, coupled with the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. This reaction is crucial in several metabolic pathways, notably the malic enzyme pathway, which is important for carbon fixation and energy production in plants, bacteria, and some fungi. The enzyme utilizes NADP+ as its primary electron acceptor, which differentiates it from the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase that uses NAD+. The specific mechanism involves the following steps: 1) Binding of L-malate to the enzyme's active site. 2) Decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate, releasing CO2. 3) Transfer of electrons from the decarboxylated carbon to NADP+, reducing it to NADPH. This process is highly regulated, influenced by factors like the concentration of substrates, products, and cofactors. The enzyme plays a vital role in various cellular processes, including gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of amino acids, and the generation of reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions. Its activity is tightly controlled to maintain cellular redox balance and support diverse metabolic functions.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial | An NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16798] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (2)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| succinic acid | succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| fumaric acid | fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |