Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate. [RHEA:22764]
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity refers to the enzymatic removal of a phosphate group from the 5-position of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). This reaction is catalyzed by a specific class of enzymes called phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatases (PIP5Ks). PIP5Ks are crucial regulators of cellular signaling pathways, playing a pivotal role in the generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) from PIP2. These second messengers are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including:
* **Signal transduction:** PIP2 serves as a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC), which hydrolyzes PIP2 to produce IP3 and DAG. IP3 triggers calcium release from intracellular stores, while DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC). Together, these signaling events regulate numerous cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
* **Membrane trafficking:** PIP2 plays a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events, such as vesicle budding and fusion. By modulating PIP2 levels, PIP5Ks can influence the recruitment of specific proteins to membranes, thereby affecting the formation and movement of intracellular vesicles.
* **Cytoskeletal organization:** PIP2 interacts with and regulates the activity of various cytoskeletal proteins, including actin and microtubules. By controlling PIP2 levels, PIP5Ks contribute to the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton, influencing cell morphology and motility.
In summary, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating a wide array of signaling events and cellular processes through the modulation of PIP2 levels.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Synaptojanin-1 | A synaptojanin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43426] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Synaptojanin-2 | A synaptojanin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15056] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Synaptojanin-1 | A synaptojanin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43426] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Synaptojanin-2 | A synaptojanin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15056] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| epicatechin gallate | (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea | catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| ampelopsin | (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source | dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| epiafzelechin | (-)-epiafzelechin : A catechin derivative having (2R,3R)-configuration. epiafzelechin: antioxidant; 3'-deoxy form of epicatechin; structure in first source | catechin | plant metabolite |
| pyrvinium | pyrvinium : A quinolinium ion that is 1-methylquinolinium substituted by dimethylamino group at position 6 and a (E)-2-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethenyl at position 2. It is a anthelminthic drug active against pinworms. The salts of pyrvinium can also be used as anticancer agents. pyrvinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonyms vanquin & vankin refer to pamoate[2:1]; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7810 | quinolinium ion | anthelminthic drug; antineoplastic agent |
| trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene | trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol | stilbenoid | |
| chlorhexidine | chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
| eriodictyol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside | beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavanone | plant metabolite; radical scavenger |