Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.3.1.24]
Biliverdin reductase (NAD(P)H) activity catalyzes the reduction of biliverdin IXα to bilirubin IXα using NADH or NADPH as a reducing agent. This enzymatic reaction is a critical step in the heme catabolic pathway, responsible for the breakdown of heme, a porphyrin ring complex found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other heme proteins. Biliverdin, a green pigment produced during heme degradation, is toxic to the body and must be efficiently converted to bilirubin, a yellow pigment. Bilirubin is subsequently conjugated and excreted in bile. The enzyme utilizes a hydride ion from NADH or NADPH to reduce the double bond between carbons 10 and 11 in biliverdin, leading to the formation of bilirubin. This enzymatic activity plays a vital role in maintaining heme homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of toxic biliverdin in the body. Additionally, biliverdin reductase may have other functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but these are not fully understood. The enzyme's ability to reduce biliverdin and its potential antioxidant properties may contribute to its role in protecting against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Flavin reductase (NADPH) | A flavin reductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30043] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| erythrosine | Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | ||
| sulfasalazine | sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) | ||
| olsalazine | olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond | azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| tamibarotene | tamibarotene : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine. tamibarotene: has retinoid-binding activity | dicarboxylic acid monoamide; retinoid; tetralins | antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist |
| febuxostat | febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT. | 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile | EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
| deferasirox | deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA. | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| ptc 124 | oxadiazole; ring assembly |