VEGF-A complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A homodimeric, extracellular protein complex containing two VEGF-A monomers. Binds to and activates a receptor tyrosine kinase. [GOC:bf, GOC:bhm, PMID:12207021, PMID:19658168]
The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) complex is a multifaceted protein complex crucial for angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. This complex comprises VEGF-A, a key signaling molecule, and two co-receptors: neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2). These co-receptors enhance the binding of VEGF-A to its primary receptor, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), on endothelial cells, amplifying the signaling cascade. The complex also involves heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that bind both VEGF-A and NRP1/NRP2, creating a stable interaction and enhancing VEGF-A's biological activity. The cellular component of the VEGF-A complex is therefore a dynamic assembly of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, localized on the surface of endothelial cells, specifically at the plasma membrane and possibly within intracellular vesicles. The complex exhibits a unique structure, with VEGF-A interacting with both VEGFR2 and NRP1/NRP2, while HSPGs bridge the interactions between VEGF-A and NRP1/NRP2. This intricate arrangement promotes efficient signaling and enhances angiogenesis, playing a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Vascular endothelial growth factor A | A vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15692] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (5)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-phenylphenol | 4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4. | hydroxybiphenyls | |
| 4-phenylbenzoic acid | 4-phenylbenzoic acid: RN given refers to 4-carboxylic cpd | ||
| amentoflavone | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| proanthocyanidin a1 | procyanidin A1: from aqueous extract of peanut skin; structure in first source | flavonoid oligomer | |
| phosphomannopentaose sulfate | phosphomannopentaose sulfate: structure in first source |