Target type: cellularcomponent
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle. [GOC:dph]
The clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport vesicle membrane is a complex and dynamic structure involved in the regulated transport of GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, within neurons. This membrane encompasses a specialized compartment within the cell, carefully curated to facilitate efficient GABA transport.
**Composition and Structure:**
The membrane of this vesicle is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, similar to other cellular membranes. However, it is enriched in specific lipids and proteins that contribute to its unique functionality:
- **Clathrin:** This protein plays a critical role in shaping the vesicle. Clathrin molecules assemble into a lattice-like structure that forms a cage around the vesicle membrane, giving it its characteristic rounded shape.
- **Adaptor proteins (APs):** These proteins mediate the recruitment of clathrin and cargo molecules to the membrane. They interact with specific signals on the cargo and the membrane, ensuring that the correct molecules are packaged into the vesicle.
- **Transmembrane proteins:** This group includes GABA transporters, which are responsible for moving GABA across the vesicle membrane.
- **Other accessory proteins:** Various other proteins contribute to the vesicle's function, such as those involved in membrane budding, vesicle movement, and fusion with target membranes.
**Function:**
The clathrin-sculpted GABA transport vesicle membrane plays a crucial role in neurotransmission:
- **Packaging GABA:** GABA transporters actively load GABA into the vesicle lumen, accumulating the neurotransmitter inside.
- **Budding and transport:** The clathrin coat helps to bud the vesicle from the donor membrane, likely the plasma membrane or an internal compartment, preparing it for transport.
- **Targeting and fusion:** The vesicle travels to its target destination, often the presynaptic terminal, where it fuses with the membrane, releasing its cargo of GABA into the synaptic cleft.
**Regulation:**
The formation, transport, and release of these vesicles are tightly regulated by cellular signaling pathways. This ensures that GABA is released in a controlled manner, allowing for precise modulation of neuronal activity.
**Significance:**
The clathrin-sculpted GABA transport vesicle membrane is essential for proper synaptic transmission. Disruptions in its function can lead to neurological disorders, underscoring its importance in maintaining brain function.
**Note:** This description provides a general overview. The specific composition and functions of this vesicle can vary slightly depending on the cell type and specific signaling pathway involved.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein | A heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein | A heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| tubercidin | tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus. Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids. | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| toyocamycin | toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group. Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry. | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite |
| nsc 65346 | sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd | nucleoside analogue | protein kinase inhibitor |
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| 8-aminoadenosine | |||
| 5'-deoxyadenosine | 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase. 5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd | 5'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| ver 155008 | VER 155008: structure in first source | purine nucleoside | |
| nms-e973 | NMS-E973: structure in first source |