NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60). [GOC:ecd, PMID:10966108, PMID:14966270]
The NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex is a multi-subunit complex that plays a crucial role in chromatin regulation and gene expression. It is a highly conserved complex found in eukaryotes, and its primary function is to acetylate histone proteins, specifically lysine residues on the N-terminal tails of histones H4 and H2A. This acetylation process alters chromatin structure, making DNA more accessible to transcription factors and promoting gene expression. The NuA4 complex consists of several core subunits, each with a specific function:
- **YNG1:** This subunit is the catalytic HAT that directly acetylates histone substrates. It belongs to the MYST family of HATs.
- **EAF1:** This subunit serves as a scaffolding protein that interacts with other subunits and recruits the complex to specific genomic regions.
- **TRA1:** This subunit functions as a histone chaperone, assisting in the loading of histones onto DNA.
- **BDF1:** This subunit interacts with the EAF1 subunit and facilitates the assembly of the NuA4 complex.
- **ESA1:** This subunit is a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase that contributes to the overall HAT activity of the complex.
- **YAF9:** This subunit is an adaptor protein that binds to the EAF1 subunit and recruits other subunits to the complex.
- **SWC4:** This subunit is a DNA-binding protein that helps the NuA4 complex target specific genomic regions.
- **SWC6:** This subunit is a histone H3-specific acetyltransferase that contributes to the overall HAT activity of the complex.
The NuA4 complex is highly regulated, and its activity is influenced by a variety of factors, including post-translational modifications, cellular signaling pathways, and interactions with other proteins. It plays a vital role in a wide range of cellular processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcription. Defects in NuA4 function have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer.'
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Proteins (5)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT8 | A histone acetyltransferase KAT8 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H7Z6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| RuvB-like 1 | A RuvB-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y265] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| RuvB-like 2 | A RuvB-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y230] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 | A histone acetyltransferase KAT5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92993] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| MBT domain-containing protein 1 | An MBT domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q05BQ5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (23)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-aminophenol | 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| bifemelane | bifemelane: structure given in first source | diarylmethane | |
| chlorpheniramine | chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE. | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| maprotiline | Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | anthracenes | |
| oxybutynin | oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder. oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd | acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic |
| 1-nitronaphthalene | 1-nitronaphthalene : A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1. 1-nitronaphthalene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 1 position mononitronaphthalene : A nitronaphthalene carrying a single nitro group at unspecified position. nitronaphthalene : A nitroarene that is naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group. | mononitronaphthalene | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenylhydrazine | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic | |
| 4-chloroaniline | 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group. 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 1-naphthylamine | 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position. | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-fluoroaniline | 4-fluoroaniline : A primary arylamine that is the derivative of aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been substituted by fluorine. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides and plant growth regulators. 4-fluoroaniline: chemical intermediate manufactured by the Halex process; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | fluoroaniline; primary arylamine | |
| phenylhydrazine hydrochloride | phenylhydrazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of phenylhydrazine and hydrogen chloride. | hydrochloride | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 4-fluorobenzylamine | |||
| 4-hydroxyquinoline | 4-quinolone : A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4. | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | |
| coenzyme a | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| anacardic acid | anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities. anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| sorafenib | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| rottlerin | rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1); | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
| 2-hydroxy-6-[(8Z,11Z)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl]benzoic acid | hydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| (5-bromo-3-pyridinyl)-[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methanone | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | ||
| entecavir | benzamides; N-acylpiperidine | ||
| 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane | 1,2-bis(isothiazol-5-yl)disulfane: structure in first source | ||
| akt-i-1,2 compound | Akt-I-1,2 compound: an aminopeptidase P inhibitor; structure in first source |