AP-1 adaptor complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C). [GOC:mah, PMID:10611976, PMID:21097499]

The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sorting of cargo proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to clathrin-coated vesicles. It consists of four subunits: \\n\\n* **AP-1α (α-adaptin):** A large subunit that binds to the cytoplasmic tails of cargo proteins through its amino-terminal domain, and interacts with clathrin through its carboxy-terminal domain. \\n* **AP-1β (β-adaptin):** A large subunit that interacts with AP-1μ and AP-1σ and contributes to the formation of the clathrin coat. It also interacts with phosphoinositides and plays a role in cargo recognition. \\n* **AP-1μ (μ-adaptin):** A medium subunit that interacts with clathrin and the AP-1σ subunit. It also binds to phosphoinositides and contributes to the membrane curvature required for vesicle budding. \\n* **AP-1σ (σ-adaptin):** A small subunit that interacts with AP-1μ and the AP-1β subunit. It is thought to play a role in cargo recognition and the regulation of AP-1 complex assembly. \\n\\nThe AP-1 complex is essential for the transport of a variety of cargo proteins from the TGN to different destinations, including lysosomes, endosomes, and the plasma membrane. It plays a crucial role in cellular processes such as signal transduction, receptor trafficking, and protein degradation.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (5)