regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:25642596]
Regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process is a complex and tightly controlled process that ensures the appropriate levels of serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter, are maintained in the body. Serotonin plays a vital role in numerous physiological functions, including mood, sleep, appetite, and cognitive function. Its biosynthesis begins with the amino acid tryptophan, which is taken up by serotonergic neurons through a specific transporter. Once inside the neuron, tryptophan undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions. First, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) catalyzes the hydroxylation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the rate-limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis. This reaction requires molecular oxygen and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. Next, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) decarboxylates 5-HTP to serotonin. This final step completes the biosynthesis of serotonin. The regulation of serotonin biosynthesis occurs at multiple levels. The expression and activity of TPH1, the rate-limiting enzyme, are subject to complex regulation. Transcriptional regulation of TPH1 is influenced by various factors, including neuronal activity, neurotrophic factors, and hormones. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in modulating TPH1 activity. Furthermore, the availability of tryptophan, the substrate for TPH1, can influence serotonin synthesis. The transport of tryptophan into the brain is regulated by the blood-brain barrier, and the concentration of tryptophan in the blood can be affected by factors like diet and stress. In addition to the regulation of TPH1, the activity of AADC can also be regulated, although to a lesser extent. This enzyme is involved in the decarboxylation of various amino acids, including 5-HTP, and its activity can be affected by factors like pH and cofactor availability. Overall, the regulation of serotonin biosynthesis is a multifaceted process that involves the interplay of various factors, including transcriptional and post-translational regulation of enzymes, substrate availability, and neuronal activity. This intricate regulation ensures the appropriate levels of serotonin are maintained, contributing to the proper functioning of various physiological processes.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | An aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05091] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (13)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| thiram | thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide | bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: indicator for analysis of copper; structure | ||
| win 18446 | WIN 18446 : A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish. | organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde | 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying a diethylamino substituent at position 4. | aromatic amine; benzaldehydes; tertiary amino compound | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| magnolol | biphenyls | ||
| daidzin | daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
| ononin | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite | |
| 7-butyl-8-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione | piperazines | ||
| n-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide | N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide: Cardioprotective Agent; a small-molecule activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 that reduces ischemic damage to the heart | carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound | |
| daidzein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite | |
| prunetin | prunetin : A hydroxyisoflavone that is genistein in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. prunetin: reduces herpes virus-1 plaque formation | 7-methoxyisoflavones; hydroxyisoflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite |
| 4'-hydroxychalcone | 4'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'. 4'-hydroxychalcone: inhibits TNFalpha-induced NF-κB activation; structure in first source | chalcones; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent |