negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24187568]

Negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that prevent the premature or inappropriate death of these crucial immune cells. CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a vital role in the adaptive immune response, targeting and eliminating infected or cancerous cells. Activation of these T cells, triggered by antigen presentation through MHC class I molecules, initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the production of effector molecules like granzyme and perforin, which induce target cell death. However, excessive or uncontrolled apoptosis of these cells can impair immune function and lead to immunodeficiency.

To prevent premature apoptosis, activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells employ a variety of regulatory mechanisms. These include:

* **Anti-apoptotic signaling pathways:** Activation of survival pathways like the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways promotes cell survival by inhibiting pro-apoptotic proteins and promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.
* **Immune checkpoint molecules:** Expression of inhibitory receptors like CTLA-4 and PD-1 on activated T cells allows them to downregulate their activation state and prevent excessive apoptosis. Engagement of these receptors with their ligands on antigen-presenting cells sends negative signals that suppress T cell activation and proliferation.
* **Cytokine signaling:** Cytokines like IL-2 and IL-7 play a crucial role in maintaining T cell survival. These cytokines activate signaling pathways that promote cell growth, proliferation, and survival.
* **Metabolic adaptation:** Activated T cells undergo significant metabolic changes to meet their increased energy demands. These changes include the upregulation of glycolysis and the production of metabolites that contribute to cell survival.
* **Microenvironment interactions:** Interactions with other cells in the immune microenvironment, such as antigen-presenting cells and regulatory T cells, can influence the survival of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells.

The precise mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptosis are still being elucidated. However, it is clear that a delicate balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals is crucial for maintaining a healthy pool of these effector cells and ensuring an effective immune response.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (15)