cellular response to serotonin

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1505525]

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter synthesized from tryptophan, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and cognitive function. Cellular response to serotonin is initiated by its binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, primarily G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as 5-HT receptors. There are seven subtypes of 5-HT receptors (5-HT1-7), each exhibiting distinct signaling pathways and downstream effects.

Upon serotonin binding, 5-HT receptors activate intracellular signaling cascades, leading to a diverse range of cellular responses.

* **5-HT1 receptors:** Coupled to Gi/o proteins, these receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity, reducing cAMP levels. This signaling pathway is implicated in mood regulation, anxiety reduction, and vasoconstriction.

* **5-HT2 receptors:** Coupled to Gq proteins, these receptors activate phospholipase C, triggering the production of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores, while DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC). This pathway contributes to smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, and neuronal excitability.

* **5-HT3 receptors:** These receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, directly opening sodium channels upon serotonin binding. This leads to membrane depolarization and neuronal excitation.

* **5-HT4 receptors:** Coupled to Gs proteins, these receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. This signaling pathway is involved in gastrointestinal motility, memory, and cognitive function.

* **5-HT5 receptors:** Their signaling pathways remain unclear but are thought to be involved in anxiety and appetite regulation.

* **5-HT6 receptors:** Coupled to Gs proteins, these receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. This pathway is implicated in learning, memory, and cognitive function.

* **5-HT7 receptors:** Coupled to Gs proteins, these receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. This pathway is involved in circadian rhythm regulation, sleep, and mood.

The cellular response to serotonin is complex and multifaceted, varying depending on the specific receptor subtype involved, the cell type, and the context. Aberrant serotonin signaling has been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding this complex cellular process.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (16)