cellular response to serotonin
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1505525]
Serotonin, a neurotransmitter synthesized from tryptophan, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and cognitive function. Cellular response to serotonin is initiated by its binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, primarily G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as 5-HT receptors. There are seven subtypes of 5-HT receptors (5-HT1-7), each exhibiting distinct signaling pathways and downstream effects.
Upon serotonin binding, 5-HT receptors activate intracellular signaling cascades, leading to a diverse range of cellular responses.
* **5-HT1 receptors:** Coupled to Gi/o proteins, these receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity, reducing cAMP levels. This signaling pathway is implicated in mood regulation, anxiety reduction, and vasoconstriction.
* **5-HT2 receptors:** Coupled to Gq proteins, these receptors activate phospholipase C, triggering the production of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores, while DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC). This pathway contributes to smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, and neuronal excitability.
* **5-HT3 receptors:** These receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, directly opening sodium channels upon serotonin binding. This leads to membrane depolarization and neuronal excitation.
* **5-HT4 receptors:** Coupled to Gs proteins, these receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. This signaling pathway is involved in gastrointestinal motility, memory, and cognitive function.
* **5-HT5 receptors:** Their signaling pathways remain unclear but are thought to be involved in anxiety and appetite regulation.
* **5-HT6 receptors:** Coupled to Gs proteins, these receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. This pathway is implicated in learning, memory, and cognitive function.
* **5-HT7 receptors:** Coupled to Gs proteins, these receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP levels. This pathway is involved in circadian rhythm regulation, sleep, and mood.
The cellular response to serotonin is complex and multifaceted, varying depending on the specific receptor subtype involved, the cell type, and the context. Aberrant serotonin signaling has been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding this complex cellular process.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 | A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P21980] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (16)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-(2-naphthalenyl)-3-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]-1-propanone | ZM39923: structure in first source | naphthalenes | |
| beta-lapachone | beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 5-bromoisatin | indoles | anticoronaviral agent | |
| isatin | tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal; | indoledione | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| indirubin | |||
| 5-Chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione | indoles | anticoronaviral agent | |
| 5-iodoisatin | 5-iodoisatin: structure in first source | indoles | anticoronaviral agent |
| isoindigotin | isoindigotin: used in treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia; structure given in first source | ||
| n-phenylacrylamide | N-phenylacrylamide: structure in first source | ||
| nsc 95397 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | ||
| ag-213 | tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | ||
| rottlerin | rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1); | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
| gw-5074 | |||
| glutaminase | |||
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate | guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES. | nucleoside triphosphate analogue |