Page last updated: 2024-10-24

positive regulation of neutrophil migration

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1826836]

Positive regulation of neutrophil migration is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves a cascade of molecular events. It is essential for the innate immune response, enabling neutrophils to effectively reach sites of infection or inflammation to combat pathogens.

**Initiation:**

* **Chemoattractant sensing:** Neutrophils express a variety of receptors on their cell surface that recognize and bind to chemoattractants, such as chemokines, bacterial products (e.g., N-formylmethionine peptides), and complement components. These receptors include G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as CXCR1, CXCR2, and formyl peptide receptors (FPRs).
* **Signal transduction:** Upon binding of chemoattractants, GPCRs activate intracellular signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. These pathways lead to the production of second messengers, such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which play crucial roles in downstream events.

**Migration:**

* **Polarization:** The intracellular signaling events triggered by chemoattractants induce a polarized morphology in neutrophils, characterized by the formation of a leading edge and a trailing edge. The leading edge is characterized by the assembly of actin filaments and the formation of lamellipodia, which are thin, sheet-like protrusions that extend towards the chemoattractant source.
* **Chemotaxis:** Neutrophils move towards the chemoattractant gradient by a process called chemotaxis, which is mediated by the coordinated assembly and disassembly of the cytoskeleton. The leading edge extends towards the chemoattractant, while the trailing edge retracts, resulting in a net movement towards the source.
* **Adhesion:** Neutrophils adhere to the endothelium, the lining of blood vessels, through interactions between adhesion molecules expressed on both the neutrophil and the endothelial cell surface. These interactions are essential for slowing down the neutrophil's movement and allowing them to migrate through the endothelium into the tissues.

**Termination:**

* **Apoptosis:** After reaching the site of infection or inflammation, neutrophils undergo apoptosis, a programmed cell death process. This prevents excessive inflammation and tissue damage.
* **Phagocytosis:** Neutrophils engulf and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, through a process called phagocytosis. This process is essential for clearing the infection.

**Regulation:**

* **Cytokine modulation:** The production and release of cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, can modulate neutrophil migration by regulating the expression of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules.
* **Immune cell interactions:** Neutrophils interact with other immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, to fine-tune their migration and function.
* **Microenvironment:** The local environment, including pH, oxygen tension, and presence of extracellular matrix components, can influence neutrophil migration.

In summary, positive regulation of neutrophil migration is a multifaceted process involving a complex interplay of signaling pathways, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and interactions with the surrounding environment. It is crucial for the rapid and effective recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection or inflammation, enabling them to combat pathogens and protect the host.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 7An alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q11130]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (11)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.

2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd

dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.
dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
protocatechuic acid3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.

protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
gallic acidgallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
beta-resorcylic acidbeta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin
dihydroxybenzoic acidEC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
MALDI matrix material;
mouse metabolite
veratric acid3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.

veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
benzoic acidsallergen;
plant metabolite
methyl gallatemethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum
gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents.

3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
benzoic acids;
methoxybenzenes
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
syringic acidsyringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.

syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source
benzoic acids;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols
plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
guanosine diphosphateGuanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor