mitocytosis
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
A migrasome-mediated selective removal of damaged mitochondria process that maintains mitochondrion homeostasis in migrating cells. [PMID:34108688]
Mitosis is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cell division, responsible for the accurate duplication and distribution of the genetic material (chromosomes) to two daughter cells. The process is divided into four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
**Prophase:**
* The replicated chromosomes condense, becoming visible under a microscope.
* The nuclear envelope, which encloses the DNA, breaks down.
* The centrosomes, which are microtubule-organizing centers, migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
* Microtubules, composed of the protein tubulin, start to grow from the centrosomes, forming the mitotic spindle, which will guide the chromosomes during division.
**Metaphase:**
* The mitotic spindle fully develops.
* The chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, called the metaphase plate, with each chromosome attached to microtubules from opposite poles.
* This arrangement ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome.
**Anaphase:**
* The centromeres, which hold the sister chromatids together, split.
* The microtubules shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell.
* The sister chromatids, now considered individual chromosomes, move towards the poles, ensuring equal distribution of genetic material.
**Telophase:**
* The chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense.
* The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, forming two new nuclei.
* The cytoplasm divides, a process called cytokinesis, separating the cell into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and a full set of chromosomes.
**Cytokinesis:**
* In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by the formation of a cleavage furrow, a constriction in the plasma membrane that pinches the cell in two.
* In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by the formation of a cell plate, a new cell wall that grows between the two daughter cells.
Mitosis is a highly regulated process, ensuring accurate DNA replication and distribution. Errors in mitosis can lead to chromosomal abnormalities, which can contribute to various diseases, including cancer.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Kinesin-1 heavy chain | A kinesin-1 heavy chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P33176] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (5)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| whi p180 | |||
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| zd 6474 | CH 331: structure in first source | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| lenvatinib | lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. | aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| cabozantinib | cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer. cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor | aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |