mitocytosis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A migrasome-mediated selective removal of damaged mitochondria process that maintains mitochondrion homeostasis in migrating cells. [PMID:34108688]

Mitosis is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cell division, responsible for the accurate duplication and distribution of the genetic material (chromosomes) to two daughter cells. The process is divided into four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

**Prophase:**
* The replicated chromosomes condense, becoming visible under a microscope.
* The nuclear envelope, which encloses the DNA, breaks down.
* The centrosomes, which are microtubule-organizing centers, migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
* Microtubules, composed of the protein tubulin, start to grow from the centrosomes, forming the mitotic spindle, which will guide the chromosomes during division.

**Metaphase:**
* The mitotic spindle fully develops.
* The chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, called the metaphase plate, with each chromosome attached to microtubules from opposite poles.
* This arrangement ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome.

**Anaphase:**
* The centromeres, which hold the sister chromatids together, split.
* The microtubules shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell.
* The sister chromatids, now considered individual chromosomes, move towards the poles, ensuring equal distribution of genetic material.

**Telophase:**
* The chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense.
* The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, forming two new nuclei.
* The cytoplasm divides, a process called cytokinesis, separating the cell into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and a full set of chromosomes.

**Cytokinesis:**
* In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by the formation of a cleavage furrow, a constriction in the plasma membrane that pinches the cell in two.
* In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by the formation of a cell plate, a new cell wall that grows between the two daughter cells.

Mitosis is a highly regulated process, ensuring accurate DNA replication and distribution. Errors in mitosis can lead to chromosomal abnormalities, which can contribute to various diseases, including cancer.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (5)