sneeze reflex

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane. [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/sneeze, PMID:34133943]

The sneeze reflex is a complex involuntary response triggered by irritation of the nasal passages, usually by foreign particles like dust, pollen, or irritants. It involves a coordinated series of events aiming to expel the irritant from the respiratory system.

The process begins with the detection of the irritant by sensory receptors in the nasal mucosa. These receptors transmit signals to the brainstem, specifically the medulla oblongata, through the trigeminal nerve.

The brainstem then sends signals back to the muscles involved in the sneeze, triggering a rapid, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs. This expulsion is driven by a series of actions:

1. **Deep inspiration:** The diaphragm contracts, drawing air into the lungs.
2. **Closure of the glottis:** The vocal cords close, preventing air from escaping through the mouth.
3. **Increased pressure in the chest:** The muscles of the chest and abdomen contract, increasing pressure within the chest cavity.
4. **Explosive expulsion:** The glottis suddenly opens, releasing a burst of air from the lungs at high velocity, propelling the irritant out of the nasal passages.

The sneeze reflex is a protective mechanism, aimed at preventing foreign particles from entering the lungs and causing potential harm. The rapid expulsion of air, combined with the increased pressure, efficiently removes irritants, promoting respiratory health.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (6)