positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane. [GOC:yaf, PMID:20544854]
Positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability is a critical process in cellular homeostasis and plays a key role in various physiological and pathological events. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that act as the primary degradative compartment within eukaryotic cells. Their ability to break down and recycle cellular components depends on their permeability to specific substrates.
The regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability is tightly controlled by a complex interplay of signaling pathways, enzymes, and membrane-associated proteins. When lysosomes need to release their contents, their membranes become more permeable, allowing for the delivery of degradative enzymes and other molecules to specific cellular targets. This process is referred to as lysosomal exocytosis.
Positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability is initiated by various stimuli, including stress signals, pathogen invasion, and cellular damage. These stimuli activate signaling pathways that converge on lysosomes, triggering a cascade of events leading to increased permeability.
One key mechanism involves the activation of lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ influx into the lysosomal lumen can trigger the release of lysosomal hydrolases, including cathepsins and lipases, contributing to increased membrane permeability.
Another important player is the lysosomal membrane protein, TRPML1. This protein functions as a cation channel, allowing the influx of ions, including calcium, sodium, and potassium, into the lysosomal lumen. Activation of TRPML1 can promote lysosomal exocytosis and contribute to increased membrane permeability.
Furthermore, the lysosomal membrane protein, LAMP-2, is crucial for autophagy, a process involving the engulfment and degradation of cellular components within lysosomes. Mutations in LAMP-2 can lead to lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by the accumulation of undigested material within lysosomes.
Lysosomal membrane permeability is not only regulated by intrinsic mechanisms but is also influenced by external factors, such as extracellular pH and the presence of specific signaling molecules.
Overall, the positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability is a tightly regulated process involving a complex interplay of signaling pathways, enzymes, and membrane-associated proteins. This process is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological events, including autophagy, cellular defense against pathogens, and tissue remodeling.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein | A heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (9)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| tubercidin | tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus. Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids. | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| toyocamycin | toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group. Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry. | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite |
| nsc 65346 | sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd | nucleoside analogue | protein kinase inhibitor |
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| 8-aminoadenosine | |||
| 5'-deoxyadenosine | 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase. 5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd | 5'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| ver 155008 | VER 155008: structure in first source | purine nucleoside | |
| nms-e973 | NMS-E973: structure in first source |