manganese ion transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]

Manganese ion transmembrane transport is a crucial process that facilitates the movement of manganese (Mn) ions across cellular membranes. It involves a complex interplay of membrane proteins, often known as transporters, that act as gateways for Mn entry and exit.

The biological significance of this transport lies in the critical role Mn plays in various biological processes. Mn acts as a cofactor for numerous enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, which protects against oxidative stress, and pyruvate carboxylase, involved in gluconeogenesis.

Manganese uptake mechanisms differ based on the type of cell and organism. In general, however, these mechanisms can be broadly categorized into two main types:

1. **Active Transport:** This process requires energy expenditure to move Mn ions against their concentration gradient. Several transporter proteins facilitate this process, including:

- **Nramp1 (SLC11A1):** This protein, expressed in various tissues, is a major contributor to Mn uptake in mammals. It utilizes the proton gradient across the membrane to drive Mn import.

- **DCT1 (SLC11A2):** This protein is primarily involved in Mn uptake in the intestine and contributes significantly to dietary Mn absorption.

2. **Passive Diffusion:** This mechanism does not require energy and allows Mn ions to move down their concentration gradient. This process is less efficient than active transport and plays a smaller role in Mn homeostasis.

Once inside the cell, Mn ions are transported to different cellular compartments, such as the mitochondria, where they play essential roles in enzymatic activities.

The regulation of Mn transport is crucial for maintaining cellular Mn homeostasis. Excess Mn can be toxic, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, Mn deficiency can disrupt various metabolic processes.

The regulation of Mn transport involves complex mechanisms, including feedback inhibition, protein phosphorylation, and transcriptional regulation. These mechanisms ensure that Mn levels remain within a safe and functional range.

In summary, manganese ion transmembrane transport is a vital process for maintaining cellular Mn homeostasis, enabling its delivery to sites where it serves as a cofactor for numerous enzymes crucial for various biological processes. This transport is mediated by specific transporter proteins that utilize active and passive mechanisms to facilitate Mn movement across cell membranes. The regulation of this process is critical to prevent Mn toxicity and ensure the proper functioning of Mn-dependent enzymes.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (11)