retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]

Retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eyes is a complex and highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple cell types, signaling pathways, and extracellular matrix components. It begins during embryonic development and continues throughout postnatal life, ensuring the proper formation and function of the retinal vasculature.

The initial step in retina vasculature morphogenesis involves the formation of a primary capillary plexus (PCP) from the hyaloid vascular system, which is a transient vascular network that supplies the developing eye. This plexus serves as the foundation for the subsequent development of the retinal vasculature.

The PCP undergoes a series of remodeling events, guided by cues from the surrounding retinal tissue, to form the mature retinal vasculature. These cues include growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which promote angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These cues also include guidance molecules, such as Slit2 and Netrin-1, which direct the migration and branching of endothelial cells.

As the PCP remodels, it gives rise to two distinct vascular beds: the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and the deep vascular plexus (DVP). The SVP is located in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina and supplies the outer retinal layers, including the photoreceptor cells. The DVP is located in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and supplies the inner retinal layers, including the ganglion cells.

During the development of the retinal vasculature, a number of signaling pathways are involved in regulating the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells. These pathways include the VEGF, Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways.

The VEGF signaling pathway is essential for the formation and maintenance of the retinal vasculature. VEGF is a potent angiogenic factor that promotes the growth and proliferation of endothelial cells. It also plays a role in the formation of new blood vessels by stimulating the sprouting and branching of existing vessels.

The Notch signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of vascular development by controlling cell fate decisions and the formation of vascular branches. The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, and the Hedgehog signaling pathway is involved in the patterning of the retinal vasculature.

The extracellular matrix also plays a critical role in retina vasculature morphogenesis. It provides structural support for the developing vessels and serves as a reservoir for growth factors and guidance molecules.

The process of retina vasculature morphogenesis is tightly regulated to ensure the proper formation and function of the retinal vasculature. Disruptions in this process can lead to a number of ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity.

In summary, retina vasculature morphogenesis is a complex and highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple cell types, signaling pathways, and extracellular matrix components. It is essential for the proper formation and function of the retinal vasculature. Disruptions in this process can lead to a number of ocular diseases.'
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