vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. [GOC:mtg_heart]

Vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of blood vessels, plays a crucial role in coronary vascular morphogenesis. It begins with the emergence of specialized endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the mesoderm, which are committed to forming the initial vascular network. These EPCs migrate and proliferate, assembling into clusters called angioblasts. These angioblasts coalesce and differentiate into endothelial cells, forming primitive vascular tubes called vascular cords. These cords then undergo lumenization, a process where the central core of the cord hollowed out to form a lumen, creating the earliest blood vessels.

As the heart continues to develop, the vascular cords elongate and branch, forming a network of capillaries. The capillaries then undergo remodeling and maturation, guided by cues from surrounding tissues, to form larger arteries and veins. This intricate process involves complex signaling pathways, including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), Notch, and Wnt pathways, which regulate EPC differentiation, proliferation, and vessel formation.

The coronary vessels arise from a specialized endothelial cell population in the epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart. These cells migrate into the myocardium, the heart muscle, and form the coronary arteries and veins. This process is also guided by growth factors and signaling pathways.

Throughout the process, the vasculature is continuously adapting and responding to the changing needs of the developing heart, ensuring adequate blood flow to meet its metabolic demands. Any disruption in these intricate processes can lead to congenital heart defects, highlighting the crucial role of vasculogenesis in establishing a functional cardiovascular system.'
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