dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end. [GOC:dph]

The development of salivary gland branching involves a complex process of dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. This process is initiated by a population of progenitor cells located at the tips of the developing gland. These cells undergo a series of coordinated steps to form new branches, which eventually connect to the existing duct system. The process can be broadly divided into two phases:

**1. Budding:** This phase is characterized by the formation of small, spherical outgrowths from the existing ductal structures. These outgrowths, or buds, are formed through the coordinated activity of several factors, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

* **Cell proliferation:** Progenitor cells at the tip of the duct undergo rapid division to increase the cell population.
* **Cell migration:** These proliferating cells migrate to the periphery of the bud, forming a cap of cells that will give rise to the new branch.
* **Cell differentiation:** As the bud elongates, cells within the bud differentiate into specialized cell types, including epithelial cells that form the lining of the duct and myoepithelial cells that provide structural support.

**2. Branch elongation and fusion:** The bud continues to elongate, forming a new ductal structure that connects to the existing ductal system. This process involves the coordinated activity of several factors, including cell proliferation, migration, and matrix remodeling.

* **Cell proliferation:** Cells within the elongating bud continue to proliferate, increasing the length of the new duct.
* **Cell migration:** Cells migrate from the tip of the bud to the base, allowing the bud to elongate.
* **Matrix remodeling:** The surrounding extracellular matrix is remodeled to allow for the growth and extension of the new duct.

During branching, the new ductal structures eventually fuse with the existing ductal system, forming a network of branched ducts. This process is regulated by a complex interplay of signaling molecules, including growth factors, transcription factors, and extracellular matrix components. Understanding the mechanisms underlying salivary gland branching is crucial for developing new therapies for disorders of the salivary glands.
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)