primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]

Primitive erythrocyte differentiation is a complex process that begins with the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the erythroid lineage. These HSCs undergo a series of developmental stages marked by specific changes in gene expression and cellular morphology. The first stage involves the formation of proerythroblasts, characterized by their large size, prominent nucleoli, and a high rate of RNA synthesis. These cells subsequently differentiate into basophilic erythroblasts, which acquire a blue-grey cytoplasm due to the presence of ribosomes and polyribosomes involved in hemoglobin synthesis. The next stage involves the formation of polychromatic erythroblasts, where the cytoplasm gradually takes on a mixed color due to the increasing accumulation of hemoglobin. As differentiation progresses, these cells transition into orthochromatic erythroblasts, characterized by their reddish-brown cytoplasm filled with hemoglobin. Finally, the orthochromatic erythroblasts lose their nuclei and become reticulocytes, which are released into the bloodstream and mature into erythrocytes. This intricate process is tightly regulated by a complex network of transcription factors, signaling pathways, and microenvironmental cues. Key transcription factors involved include GATA-1, KLF1, and SCL, which activate the expression of genes critical for erythropoiesis. Signaling pathways such as EPO-STAT5 and TGF-β play essential roles in promoting erythroid differentiation, survival, and proliferation. The microenvironment also influences erythroid development, with factors like erythropoietin (EPO) and other growth factors stimulating erythroid progenitor proliferation and differentiation.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (5)