regulation of hair follicle development
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development. [GOC:ai]
Hair follicle development, a complex and intricate process, is tightly regulated by a symphony of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and cellular interactions. The process begins with a signaling cascade initiated by Wnt, a family of secreted proteins, which activates β-catenin, a key transcription factor, to induce the formation of the hair placode, a thickening of the epidermis. This is followed by the invagination of the placode into the dermis, forming the hair follicle.
During the growth phase (anagen), hair follicles cycle through a series of developmental stages orchestrated by a delicate balance of growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), along with Wnt signaling. FGFs play a crucial role in stimulating hair follicle growth, while TGF-β signals regulate stem cell maintenance and follicle morphogenesis.
The hair follicle's growth is also tightly regulated by hormones. Androgens, such as testosterone, stimulate hair growth in certain regions, while estrogens can modulate hair follicle cycling. Hormonal fluctuations, as seen during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can significantly impact hair growth patterns.
As the hair follicle reaches its peak growth, it transitions into the regression phase (catagen), where the follicle shrinks and the hair shaft detaches. This transition is driven by TGF-β signaling, which inhibits growth factors and induces apoptosis in the hair follicle.
Finally, the follicle enters the resting phase (telogen), where it remains dormant until a new anagen phase is initiated. The transition back into anagen is controlled by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and environmental factors, including stress, nutrition, and seasonal changes.
This intricate dance of signaling pathways, cellular interactions, and hormonal influences ensures the continuous development and regeneration of hair follicles throughout an individual's lifespan.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Heparanase | A heparanase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y251] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (10)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| astemizole | astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| cisapride | cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | benzamides | |
| labetalol | 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure. Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| hesperidin | hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels. | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| metergoline | metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7. Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy. | carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid | dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| naringin | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite | |
| amodiaquine hydrochloride | |||
| phosphomannopentaose sulfate | phosphomannopentaose sulfate: structure in first source | ||
| rk 682 | |||
| pg 545 | PG 545: an anti-angiogenesis agent with heparanase inhibitory activity; structure in first source |